Antiulcer and anticonvulsant activity of Croton zambesicus (original) (raw)
Related papers
Low Anti-ulcerogenic Potentials of Essential Oils and Methanolic Extract of Croton zambesicus Leaves
Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 2014
Objective: This study evaluated the anti-ulcer properties of Croton zambesicus leaves. Materials and Methods: Group I was control. 40 mg/kg/bodyweight of indomethacin (the ulcerogen) was administered to rats of Groups II-VII. 4 h after administrations of ulcerogen; rats of Groups III-VII were treated daily with oral administrations of 40 mg/kg/bodyweight of omeprazole, 5 and 10 mg/kg/bodyweight of essential oils, 250 and 500 mg/kg bodyweight of methanolic extract of C. zambesicus leaves respectively for 4 days. Rats were euthanized on day 1 (Group II) and day 5 (Groups I and III-VII); thereafter, stomach and liver samples were removed for evaluations of gastric acidity, histopathological and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) status. Results: Analyses of gastric acid assays and histopathological examinations showed dose-dependent statistically significant higher levels (P ≤ 0.05) of gastric acidity and non-restorations of the gastric mucosa layer to pre-ulceration states in rats of Groups IV-VII treated with extract doses when compared to Group III. Statistically non-significant (Group IV) or significant (Groups V-VII) higher ALT levels (P ≤ 0.05) were observed in liver samples of rats treated with doses of essential oils and methanolic extract of C. zambesicus leaves when compared to Group II. Conclusion: Our study observed low anti-ulcerogenic potentials of doses of essential oils and methanolic extracts of C. zambesicus leaves.
Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2010
The ethanolic root extract of C. zambesicus (27-81mg/kg) was evaluated for antiiflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties in mice. The extract (27-81mg/kg) demonstrated a weak antiinflammatory activity. However, a significant (P<0.01-0.001) analgesic and antipyretic activities were observed in all the experimental models tested. The extract may be exerting its effects through central mechanisms. These findings confirms its ethnomedical use in the treatment of malarial-associated symptoms.
Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine, 2006
Ethanolic leaf extract of Croton zambesicus was administered to rats at doses of 100-400mg / kg for 21 days to investigate its effect on the haematological indices of rats. Haematological indices, namely packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) Red blood cell count (RBC), Mean cell Haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Mean cell volume (MCV), and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) were assessed from whole blood obtained from the treated animals as well as those in the control group. The extract at the doses administered was found to caused reductions in PCV, HB, RBC, MCH, MCH and WBC, in a dose-dependent fashion. However elevation of MCV was observed. This results indicate that the extract has the potential of suppressing haemopoiesis and causing anaemia.
Croton lobatus leaf is said to possess anti-oxidant property with healing effects on many experimental toxic injuries. The possible effect of Croton lobatus leaf extract on indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in albino rats was investigated. The percentage yield of the extract was determined to be 24.67% and the extract showed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, steroid, flavonoids, tannin, anthraquinone, terpenoid and polyphenols. A dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight was found to be safe in the LD 50 study of the extract. A total of 25 albino rats weighing 120-150g were selected for this study and randomly divided into five groups of five animals per group. Animals in group i (normal control) was served feed and normal saline only, group ii animals (ulcerated control) was once administered 30mg/kg body weight indomethacin prior to 24hrs fasting. Group iii (standard control) was treated with 20mg/kg body weight omeprazole for 21 days after induction with 30mg/kg body weight indomethacin, groups iv and v were treated with100mg/kg body weight and 200mg/kg body weight Croton lobatus leaf extract respectively for 21 days. Animals in group ii were sacrificed 4 hours after induction and those in groups i, iii, iv and v were sacrificed on the 22 nd day. The ulcer index, the gastric volume and the pH of gastric juice were investigated. Animals in group iv showed a non-significant decrease (p>0.05) in the ulcer index, while those in group V showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in the ulcer index and gastric volume (7.25mm 2 , and 5.76ml respectively) when compared with the ulcerated control rats (group ii) (21.52mm 2 and 14.71ml respectively). The pH level of the induced and treated (group iii, iv, v) animals was observed to be significant (p<0.05) higher when compared to the group ii animals. The findings of this study expressed attenuation of gastric affronts of indomethacin by ethanol leaf extracts of Croton lobatus, which is indicative of the gastroprotective potential of the extract in albino rats.
Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 2013
Croton zehntneri Pax et Hoffm. Vel aff. (Euphorbiaceae), is an aromatic bush native to northeastern Brazil, where it is popularly called 'canela de cunhã' [1]. It has a rich essential oil content (2-3% of leaf dry weight) comprised of several terpenes [1,2]. Its leaves also are used to flavor food and extracts of its bark and leaves are employed, as decoctions or infusions, to relieve disturbances of gastrointestinal function such as gastrointestinal pains and colic [1,3,4]. The essential oil of Croton zehntneri (OECZ) and its main constituents, anethole and estragole, have been reported to exert antispasmodic effects in a variety of smooth muscle preparations, but their effects are relatively selective for gastrointestinal preparations [5,6], justifying the use of the plant in folk medicine. In mice, EOCZ induces antinociception, probably by an indirect mechanism such as an anti-inflammatory effect [7]. Recently, it was reported that the intravenous injections of EOCZ induced biphasic changes in blood pressure in conscious normotensive rats [8]. Initially, a rapid bradycardia occurred coincidentally with an arterial hypotension (i.e. vagus reflex) and then an increase in blood pressure. Further studies carried out in anesthetized rats showed that EOCZ-induced capsaicin-like
Subchronic toxicity studies of the ethanolic root extract of Croton zambesicus
Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2010
Subchronic toxicity study of the crude root extract of Croton zambesicus (27-81 mg/kg), which is used traditionally as malarial remedy, was carried out in rodents to evaluate the safety profile. Effect of the extract on body weights, haematological indices as well as liver and kidney functions and histology of various organs were investigated. Subchronic treatment of rats for 21 days caused comparable increase in body weights of rats in extract treated and control groups. The extract caused a dose-dependent increases in RBC, PCV, Hb, WBC, bleeding time and clotting time. The increases were only significant (P<0.05) at the highest dose of the extract (81 mg/kg) for RBC and WBC when compared to control. There was no significant (P>0.05) differences in the means of other haematological parameters in the extract treated groups compared to control. The extract caused significant (P<0.05-0.01) increases in the level of serum total protein, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin and total chol...
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2010
The stem bark of Croton zambesicus was extracted using soxlet apparatus with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water respectively. The extracts were screened for chemical components. The results revealed the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoides, terpenes/steroids and alkaloids. In vitro antimicrobial study of the extracts revealed strong broad spectrum activity, especially for methanol extract. This is evident from the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) test results in which the methanol extract had MIC and MBC of 1.560 mg on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, followed by ethyl acetate extract with MIC value of 3.125 mg and 6.25 mg for MBC on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Petroleum ether extract showed the highest activity on Shigella dysenteriae, S. aureus and E. coli with MIC value 25 mg and 50 mg for MBC while the aqueous extract did not show activity at all. The result of this study provide more basis and credence for the use of this plant in the treatment of ailments whose causative agents are some of the pathogenic microbes used in this study, and thus suggest the possible usefulness of C. zambesicus in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections.
Nigerian journal of physiological sciences: official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria
Ethanolic leaf extract of Croton zambesicus was administered to rats at doses of 100 -400mg / kg for 21 days to investigate its effect on the haematological indices of rats. Haematological indices, namely packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) Red blood cell count (RBC), Mean cell Haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Mean cell volume (MCV), and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) were assessed from whole blood obtained from the treated animals as well as those in the control group. The extract at the doses administered was found to caused reductions in PCV, HB, RBC, MCH, MCH and WBC, in a dose -dependent fashion. However elevation of MCV was observed. This results indicate that the extract has the potential of suppressing haemopoiesis and causing anaemia.