ASSESSMENT OF POST EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE AT BAGH DISTRICT, AJK THROUGH GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES (original) (raw)
Earthquake is most unpredictable natural hazard, which creates sudden change in the normality of social processes. More than a million earthquakes arise around the world every year at the rate of two earthquakes per minute. Catastrophes have caused more than 780,000 deaths during the period of 2001-2011 of these calamities, the death toll caused by the earthquakes was estimated nearly 60% due to non-engineered building design and poor construction materials. Kashmir is highly vulnerable to seismicity because of consistent collision of Indian and Eurasian plates, while former continue to move into latter, thus building up great pressure at faults. This region was struck by severe earthquakes and hit a huge magnitude, consequently excessive loss was observed in the past 1555 and 1885. Recently in 8th October 2005 most disastrous earthquakes jolt the Azad Kashmir with the magnitude 7.6. Therefore, the objective of current study is to evaluate the postearthquake damage through Satellite Remote Sensing (SRS) mainly through visual interpretation techniques. In addition, to analyze the main effect of earthquake on human settlements and to evaluate the infrastructure and buildings damaged by the earthquake. GPS coordinated field survey has been conducted and marked the affected houses on Landsat-7 image by using geospatial techniques with the help of ArcGIS and ERDAS imagine software. The results show the identification of four different types of building (walls was made-up of mud, blocks, stones and bricks, while the roof comprised of iron sheet, wooden roof, reinforced concrete (RC) respectively) on the basis of the construction material used in the District Bagh. Preparedness of earthquake can effectively reduce the economic losses and fatalities that caused by earthquakes. This study focused on the preparedness of the peoples of mountainous areas (District Bagh is earthquake prone area) that which building material is suitable for the construction and the ultimate resilience. The proportion of engineered building was relatively low and approximately 90 % buildings were found non-engineered design in District Bagh.
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