A Review on the Extraction Methods Use in Medicinal Plants, Principle, Strength and Limitation (original) (raw)
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Plant extracts have been long used by the traditional healers for providing health benefits and are nowadays suitable ingredient for the production of formulated health products and nutraceuticals. Traditional methods of extraction such as maceration, percolation, digestion, and preparation of decoctions and infusions are now been replaced by advanced extraction methods for increased extraction efficiency and selectivity of bioactive compounds to meet up the increasing market demand. Advanced techniques use different ways for extraction such as microwaves, ultrasound waves, supercritical fluids, enzymes, pressurized liquids, electric field, etc. These innovative extraction techniques, afford final extracts selectively rich in compounds of interest without formation of artifacts, and are often simple, fast, environmentally friendly and fully automated compared to existing extraction method. The present review is focused on the recent trends on the extraction of different bioactive chemical constituents depending on the nature of sample matrices and their chemical classes including anthocyanins, flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, oils, etc. In addition, we review the strategies for designing extraction, selection of most suitable extraction methods, and trends of extraction methods for botanicals. Recent progress on the research based on these advanced methods of extractions and their industrial importance are also discussed in detail.
A Review on the Extraction Methods Use in Medicinal Plants
Medicinal plants are gaining much interest recently because their use in ethno medicine treating common disease such as cold, fever and other medicinal claims are now supported with sound scientific evidences. The study on medicinal plants started with extraction procedures that play a critical role to the extraction outcomes (e.g. yield and phytochemicals content) and also to the consequent assays performed. A wide range of technologies with different methods of extraction is available nowadays. Hence, this review aim to describe and compare the most commonly used methods based on their principle, strength and limitation to help evaluating the suitability and economic feasibility of the methods.
Scientific African , 2023
For centuries, phytochemicals have been of immense value to communities worldwide. These metabolites have been used in healthcare systems as medicines to treat various diseases. Further, phytochemicals are used as lead compounds in the synthesis of drugs. The extraction of compounds from plant materials is the cornerstone of natural product research. There has been a relentless endeavor to discover better extractive methods. In the same vein, several promising modern green extraction methods such as supercritical fluid, ultrasound, accelerated solvent, microwave, enzyme-assisted extraction methods are gaining significance. This review describes and discusses the various extraction techniques used to obtain the phytochemicals from different plant parts. These extraction techniques include the conventional solvent-based and the more robust modern and green extraction techniques. The review critically analyses the extraction conditions, optimized situations, advantages, and disadvantages of these extraction techniques. The review includes the recent applications of these extraction techniques. The review will propel advanced research and applications in the extraction process, a significant and integral component of natural products research.
Modern Extraction Methods for Preparation of Bioactive Plant Extracts
2012
Extraction is the first crucial step in preparation of plant formulations. Modern methods of extraction are effective in advancing the development of traditional herbal remedies. The development of modern sample-preparation techniques with significant advantages over conventional methods for the extraction and analysis of medicinal plants is likely to play an important role in the overall effort of ensuring availability of high-quality herbal products to consumers worldwide. Sample preparation is of utmost importance to the development of analytical methods for the analysis of constituents present in the botanicals and herbal preparations. In this article principle behind operation of various extraction methods, factors influencing method performance, research progress, strength and weakness of different extraction approaches are discussed. Emphasis is put on the methods which are solvent and energy saving, and suitable for thermolabile phytocompounds.
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This study aimed to compare the influence of extraction methods on the pharmaceutical and cosmetic properties of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs). For this purpose, the dried plant materials were extracted using advanced (microwave (MAE), ultrasonic (UAE), and homogenizer (HAE) assisted extractions) and conventional techniques (maceration, percolation, decoction, infusion, and Soxhlet). The tyrosinase, elastase, α-amylase, butyryl, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition were tested by using L-3,4 dihydroxy-phenylalanine, N-Succinyl-Ala-Ala-p-nitroanilide, butyryl, and acetylcholine as respective substrates. Antioxidant activities were studied by ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP. In terms of extraction yield, advanced extraction techniques showed the highest values (MAE > UAE > HAE). Chemical profiles were dependent on the phenolic compounds tested, whereas the antioxidant activities were always higher, mainly in infusion and decoction as a conventional technique. In relation to the pharm...
Extraction technologies for medicinal and aromatic plants
Medicinal plants are the richest bioresource of drugs for traditional systems of medicine, modern medicines, nutraceuticals, food supplements, folk medicines, pharmaceutical intermediates and chemical entities for synthetic drugs. Aromatic plants are a source of fragrances, fl avors, cosmeceuticals, health beverages and chemical terpenes. Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are traded as such in bulk from many developing countries for further value addition in developed countries. The fi rst step in the value addition of MAP bioresources is the production of herbal drug preparations (i.e. extracts), using a variety of methods from simple traditional technologies to advanced extraction techniques.
Extraction Techniques of Herbal Drugs
AKINIK PUBLICATIONS, 2019
Herbal medicines are the uniques choice over modern synthetic drugs because they exhibit least or no side effects. Generally, herbal preparations imply the utilization of fresh or dried plant parts. The exact information of such raw drugs is a very vital aspect in making, safety and efficiency of the herbal remedies. Extraction techniques include the separation of medicinally active parts of plant organisms from the inert components using specific solvents. The standard strategies of medicinal plant extraction comprise maceration, infusion, percolation, digestion, decoction, hot continuous extraction, aqueous-alcoholic extraction through fermentation, counter-current extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound extraction (sonication), supercritical fluid extraction and photonic extraction etc. The systematic study of plant species with the purpose of findings of new bioactive components and successful evaluation of biologically active compounds from plant parts are largely dependent on the sort of solvent used within the extraction system. Non-standardized approaches of extraction can also result in the degradation of the phytochemicals present in the plants. Efforts must be made to generate batches with pleasant as constant as viable and to comply with the nice extraction strategies.
The techniques used for extraction since decades have the limitations of requiring longer extraction times, large solvent volumes and cause degradation of thermo labile components. Modern methods of extraction are effective in advancing the development of traditional herbal remedies. Various novel techniques including ultrasonicationassisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction,counter-current extraction and accelerated solvent extraction have been developed for the extraction of nutraceuticals from plants in order to shorten the extraction time, decrease the solvent consumption, increase the extraction yield, and enhance the quality of extracts. A new advancement in the field of extraction was introduction of "Phytonics Process", a new solvent based on hydrofluorocarbon-134a technology used for extraction of fragrant components of essential oils and biological or phyto-pharmacological extracts which can be used directly without further physical or chemical treatment. The present article portrays a comprehensive discussion on principles, methodology, benefits and applications of these innovative extraction technologies for procuring active metabolites from different phytoconstituents.