The Indigenous Palestinian Bedouin of the Naqab: Forced Urbanization and Denied Recognition (original) (raw)
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PALESTINIAN ARABS IN ISRAEL: A FIFTY YEAR JOURNEY
Indigenous Palestinians living in Israel form twenty percent of the Israeli population. Their ordeal under the Israeli occupation is usually overlooked when considering the global Palestinian problem. They have lived under Israeli martial law until 1966, have been treated as second class citizens and suffered continuous humiliation and discrimination by governments in Israel. The recent developments in the Middle East politics have made them rethink their relation with the state. In this paper I trace back the various stages the Palestinians passed through and the recent shift in their strategies towards the state.
Palestinian Society & Politics: Internal and External Causations of the Nakba
Over 60 years have passed since an estimated 700,000 Palestinian Arabs were displaced from their homes in Palestine during and after the Palestinian--Jewish civil war and the Arab--Israeli War that ensued immediately after. This displacement has become a watershed event in the Palestinian--Israeli conflict, known to Palestinians as the Nakba, and has become a point of contention for all involved due to the refugee problem that has resulted from it. This short paper will critically examine this event and reflect on both the internal and external causations that led to it. With regard to internal and external causations, the paper will focus on the Yishuv and the Arab community and the policies, realities and reactions to them that helped to orchestrate the dispersion and defeat in the war. External aspects will include focusing on British policies during WWII and the results of their Mandate style of rule, as well as how the Holocaust and Jewish immigration effected both the Yishuv and the Arab community in Palestine. All of these aspects played a part in the formation of Zionist and Arab consciousness that lead to the formation of policies and decisions by the leadership on both sides. Thus it is the conclusion of this paper that the causations for displacement were a result of the trauma experienced mainly during the revolts of 1936--39, inconsistent and deceptive British policy, collusion on the part of the Arab Palestinians both with the neighboring Arab states as well as with the Axis power of Germany all of which led to the realities on the ground in Palestine during these times.
Settler colonialism and Indigeneity: the Case of Israel/Palestine
The article examines notions of settlement, colonialism, and indigeneity, and their relevance for the case of Israel/Palestine. With a focus on the pre-1948 period, it looks at how the Palestinian-Arab national movement and the Zionist movement offered different understandings of the process of Jewish immigration into the country and the opposing political claims that were raised in that historical context. It concludes with a discussion of the crucial role of the 1948 Nakba for future relations between the two ethno-national groups in the country, as it set the stage for the social and political conflicts that have plagued the state of Israel since its inception. Der Artikel analysiert Vorstellungen von Besiedlung, Kolonialismus und Eingeborenheit und deren Bedeutung am Falle von Israel/Palästina. Mit dem Zeitraum vor 1948 im Mittelpunkt untersucht der Artikel wie die palästinensische-arabische Nationalbewegung und die Zionistische Bewegung verschiedene Erklärungen anboten für den Prozess der jüdischen Emigration in das Land und wie sich gegensätzliche politische Ansprüche in diesem historischen Kontext ergaben. Die zentrale Rolle der Nakba (ethnische Säuberung der palästinensischen Bevölkerung) im Jahre 1948 wird zum Schluß diskutiert und im Zusammenhang mit den zukünftigen Beziehungen zwischen den beiden ethnisch-nationalen Gruppen im Land gesehen, da die Nakba den Hintergrund für die sozialen und politischen Konflikte bildete, die den Staat Israel seit seiner Gründung plagen.
NORMALIZING OCCUPATION The Politics of Everyday Life in the West Bank Settlements Edited by Marco Allegra, Ariel Handel, and Erez Maggor Indiana University Press Bloomington and Indianapolis, 2017
The palestinian encounter with the Zionist colonial proj ect, with its varying historical forms and expressions, is a focal point in the Arab discourse in general and the national Palestinian discourse in par tic u lar. One would be hard pressed to fi nd a Palestinian intellectual who has not written on the topic. Some have written about the development of the colonial proj ect, its earlier stages, the plans developed to empty Palestine of its indigenous population and their eff ects and dynamic; others have written about the power relations and the strategy behind the success of the colonial proj ect, the global and regional conditions, and the cooperation between the Zionist movement and the British Mandate. However , alongside such serious scholarship, more superfi cial volumes have also been written, characterized by demagogical and essentialist discourse. Th e result has been an overwhelming deluge of writing about Jews, Zionists, settlements, settlers, colonialism, imperialism, the historical Khaibar tribe and Ibn al-Nadhir, the Jewish plot, and Yajuj and Majuj. Instead of focusing the discussion , a discursive chaos was created. Oft en, the readers fi nd themselves fl oun-dering between two polar opposites, the essentialist pole and the dynamic pole, with numerous variations and levels of complexity between them. At the one pole is a discourse in which the Zionist settler is mediated through a variety of essentialist, cultural, historical ste reo types of the Jew as avaricious, fraudulent, and traitorous. At the other pole, one fi nds rigorous, sociohistorical research that attempts to understand the Zionist enterprise, and its settler-colonial proj ect in par tic u lar, as a product of social dynamics, shaped by the historical conditions and pro cesses created at vari ous crossroads. Th is body of research usually applies a structural and systemic approach, concentrating mainly on macro pro cesses. Between these two trends, the last two de cades have witnessed a growing anthro-pological and so cio log i cal interest in the Palestinian experience vis-à-vis the