Coelomocytes: Biology and Possible Immune Functions in Invertebrates with Special Remarks on Nematodes (original) (raw)
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Comparision between coelomocyte cells isolated from coelomic cavity of earth worm and leucocytes
University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science, 2019
The coelomocytes of Lumbricus terrestris have been isolated &described by used simple &modified method, ,the viability of isolated cells were (85%), and to diffrentiate the type of cells, stained by Leishmans stain,have been observed the more type cells which (granulocyte&neutrophile).All cell types, produce pseudopodia and are capable of phagocytosis. The phagocytotic activity of the coelomocytes to engulf. Killed yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) assessed in vitro and compared with phagocytic cells(polymorphic nuclear cell) isolated from human, was found the phagocytosis process increase with time the capacity of human phagocyte to excel in phagocytosis compared with coelomocyte was (86.1% , 67.1%) respectively.
Restoration of coelomocytes in the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement, 2012
We have previously shown that Dendrobaena veneta belongs to the earthworm species which possesses two main cohorts of coelomocytes, namely amoebocytes and autofluorescent eleocytes, the latter storing moderate amounts of riboflavin. The aim of the present experiments performed at 17oC was to follow the restoration of amoebocytes and eleocytes, as well as riboflavin stores in eleocytes after experimental extrusion of coelomocyte-containing coelomic fluid through the dorsal pores induced by electrostimulation (4.5V, 1 min). The analyses were conducted using a combination of cell counts, flow cytometric detection of eleocytes, and spectrofluorimetric measurements of riboflavin in coelomocyte lysates. It has been found that the depleted coelomocyte system recovers slowly. The number of amoebocytes reaches the level characteristic of that in undisturbed worms in 4 weeks, while the number of elecytes is still below the control level 6 weeks after extrusion. The amount of riboflavin stored...
Preliminary report on coelomocyte system during ontogeny of the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement, 2014
Dendrobaena veneta belongs to the earthworm species which coelomic fl uid contains two main cohorts of freely fl oating coelomocytes, namely amoebocytes and autofl uorescent chloragocyte-derived eleocytes, with ribofl avin being one of fl uorophores stored in chloragosomal granules. The aim of the present studies was to follow the coelomocyte system during ontogeny of D. veneta reared at 17oC in the controlled laboratory conditions. In total, 90 worms of body weights from 0.1 g till 3.4 g, among them freshly hatched, juveniles, and clitellated adults, were subjected to electrostimulation-induced expulsion of coelomocyte-containing coelomic fl uid. Expelled coelomocytes were analysed using a combination of cell counts, fl ow cytometric detection of eleocytes, and spectrofl uorimetric measurements of ribofl avin stored in coelomocytes. Flow cytometry revealed that the percentages of eleocytes slightly declined with worm body weights (r=0.16). A correlation between the body weights and...
Morphological and ultrastructural characterization of the coelomocytes in Apostichopus japonicus
Aquatic Biology, 2008
The coelomocytes suspended in the coelomic fluid and occurring in the coelomic epithelial layer of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirota: Stichopodidae) function as mediators of the immune system, trephocytic cells and nutrient transport cells. Types of coelomocytes are characterized based on their morphological and ultrastructural features. Flow cytometry plus light and electron microscopic analyses were conducted in order to characterize the coelomocytes of A. japonicus. Six types of coelomocytes were identified: lymphocytes, morula cells, amoebocytes, crystal cells, fusiform cells and vibratile cells. Within these major categories, several distinctive cell types occurred that might represent developmental stages. The mean ± SD coelomocyte concentration in the individuals (body length: 10 to 15 cm; weight: 100 to 150 g) was (3.79 ± 0.65) × 10 6 cells ml-1. The coelomic fluid contained mainly hyalinocytes (76.69%) and granulocytes (23.31%).
Invertebrate Biology, 2021
Coelomocytes in the Holothuroidea are traditionally identified according to their morphology through light, fluorescence, or electron microscopy. Former studies have typically used only one method, with few works combining two or more approaches. Studies using cytocentrifugation to study these cells are scarcer. Thus, for the first time, an integrative approach was used to compare coelomocytes in Holothuroidea. This approach consisted of living and stained cells, scanning electron microscopy (for spherule cells), and accurate morphometric analyses. Specifically, we used specimens of Holothuria grisea, Holothuria arenicola, and Holothuria tubulosa to test whether cytocentrifugation could be valuable in comparative studies with coelomocytes, whether an integrative approach could help to understand spherule cell diversity, and whether closely related species, even those having distinct geographic distributions and ecological requirements, would have a similar population of coelomocytes. Our results showed seven distinct cell types in these species, including phagocytes, fusiform cells, morula cells, acidophilic spherulocytes, spherulocytes, progenitor cells, and crystal cells. Total and differential cell counts, along with morphometric parameters, were similar among species. Morphometric analyses of spherule cells revealed consistent differences among the diameter of their cytoplasmic spherules, as well as a set of different morphotypes in acidophilic spherulocytes and spherulocytes. Cytospin preparations proved to be quite useful because they provided constant morphological and morphometric data, allowing accurate identification of the cell types and comparisons among species. Moreover, this study highlighted (1) that the spherule diameter is a good parameter to separate spherule cells and (2) a putative maturation process to acidophilic spherulocytes and spherulocytes. Lastly, we showed that the cells of these species are very similar, regardless of their geographic distribution and ecology. Thus, our work contributes to a better understanding of the coelomocytes in Holothuria, a genus with a wide geographic distribution. The present study may be useful to establish these species as important model organisms, as well as bring insights into the functions of coelomocytes.
Italian Journal of Zoology, 2001
Particulate components of the coelomic fluid of the marine worm Sipunculus nudus were studied by light microscopy and their phagocytic and enzymatic activities examined. Coelomocytes include haemerythrocytes (about 90%), granulocytes and hyalinocytes (about 9%). In addition, multicellular structures, i.e., urn cell complexes are found with low frequency (about 1%). Haemerythrocytes are nucleated cells, containing the respiratory pigment haemerythrin, which show neither phagocytic nor enzymatic activities. Granulocytes and hyalinocytes (about 7% and 2% of total coelomocytes, respectively) may be distinguished into two different subpopulations, small and large cells, which may appear as round or amoeboid. Small cells appear positive to the anti-CD34 antibody for stem cells. The present study demonstrated that both circulating granulocytes and hyalinocytes represented main phagocytes, since they were able to recognise and engulf yeast cells in vitro and contain inducible hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes. In addition, both phagocytes produced superoxide anion, and the neutral red retention suggested that granulocyte granules were lysosomes. The phagocytic ability of urn cell complexes appears controversial: their ciliated basal cells can trap numerous yeast cells and show positivity for some hydrolases, but evidence of engulfment has never been observed. Lysozyme-like activity was found in coelomocyte lysate and to a lesser extent in cell-free coelomic fluid.
A comparative account of coelomocytes and haemocytes of five species of earthworms
Proceedings: Animal Sciences, 1979
Coelomocytes and haemocytes of 5 local species of earthworms were studied. The structure of different cells is the same in different species. The total and differential count of the haemocytes showed some species specificity. Perionyx excavatus, a species that can be adapted to a wide range of temperature, on acclimation to 80 C cold, did not show any significant change in the total count of cells, but did show some changes in the density of different stages of eleocytes.
Isolation and Culturing of Earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) Coelomocytes
Coelomocytes, the immune cells present in the coelomic fluid of Eudrilus eugeniae were isolated using electric, cold and heat shocks in two different media, phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) for demonstrating the ideal treatment for isolation of invertebrate cells and for their further multiplication in the given media. Results of all the methods showed concurrent cell density from the time of isolation to subculturing. Cell viability was measured using hemocytometer and trypan blue exclusion method. It was found that all the three treatments had higher viability in HBSS media compared to PBS media. For isolation of coelomocytes, the most appropriate method was found to be by using cold shock treatment in HBSS media, indicating least cell damage with good recovery of cells. The present study can serve as a useful aid in further immunocytochemical studies.
Laboratory Animals, 1997
Coelomocytes were extruded from three earthworm species: Lumbricus terrestris, Eisenia fetida and Octolasion tyrtaeum. Featuring a simple low-vacuum holding device, the proposed methodology allows the recovery of cells with minimum risk of contamination by faecal material. The viability of O. tyrtaeum coelomocytes was highly reproducible (average 93%), with an average yield of 0.92 x 10 6 viable cells per earthworm. Cell viability for 1. terrestris and E. fetida averaged -68% but the cell yields were higher (respectively 1.67 x 10 6 and 1.28 x 10 6 ). Large inter-individual differences in cell yields were observed with 1. terrestris. Flow cytometric analyses indicated species to species differences in cell populations. Coelomocytes from E. fetida were the smallest with -57% of the total viable cells recovered being monitored between 2 and 10 tim. Large granulated cells I~20 tim) were detected in fairly large proportions in 1. terrestris and O. tyrtaeum [-52 and -96%, respectively I while they were less abundant in E. fetida (-9%). Using the vital dye neutral red to assess functional integrity, average cellular uptakes were significantly higher for 1. terrestris and O. tyrtaeum than for E. fetida (2.94, 2.66 and 0.64 tig/2 x 10 5 cells, respectively). In summary, the extrusion methodology herein described is applicable for the recovery of coelomocytes from a wide range of earthworm sizes and species. Moreover, this study strengthens the fact that extruded coelomocytes could be used for the evaluation of cell dysfunction and/or cell death following an in vitro and/or in vivo treatment.