Integrated System for Recycling and Treatment of Hazardous Pharmaceutical Wastewater (original) (raw)
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IOSR Journal of Engineering, 2016
This paper presents the photocatalytic degradation of real pharmaceutical wastewater from Abbot Laboratories (Private) Limited, Karachi, Pakistan, using TiO 2 , ZnO, and H 2 O 2. The pretreated sample wastewater was used for degradation experiments and tests were carried out at 38 0 C under pH of 9 and 4 in a stirrer bath reactor equipped with eight ultraviolet tubes. The use of this technique is common in removal of the organic, inorganic pollutants and pathogens. Optimal conditions were selected from reported results of the researchers on advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for removal of residual pharmaceuticals from real pharmaceutical wastewater. The three catalysts (Titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and TiO 2 / H 2 O 2) used in this study are effective catalysts in photocatalytic degradation of real pharmaceutical wastewater. The maximum degradation achieved was 45.11% by combined use of TiO 2 and H 2 O 2 at 38 0 C and pH. The degradation improved at higher pH with Zinc oxide and Titanium oxide. The results indicate that for real pharmaceutical wastewater, combined use of TiO 2 / H 2 O 2 is comparatively more effective than ZnO and TiO 2 alone. The degradation of the pharmaceutical wastewater followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The reaction rate constant was 0.00148/min for TiO 2 / H 2 O 2. This study demonstrates that for real pharmaceutical wastewater reacts differently to catalyst than synthetic pharmaceutical wastewater, or formulated wastewater.
Nanomaterials for the Abatement of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products from Wastewater
Applied Sciences, 2018
In this short-review, the most common types of both pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCP, a class of "emerging pollutants") are considered, as well as some of the most frequent methods for their removal that envisage the use of nanomaterials. The nanomaterials used in conservative methods (namely, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration and adsorption) are basically nanoporous solids. Non-conservative methods, which include photocatalysis and Fenton reaction, are currently considered more promising than conservative ones, as the former allow the (at least) partial degradation of the original molecules into more biodegradable by-products, which can be further abated by subsequent biological treatments, whereas the former are not efficient for the removal of small quantities of pollutants and have to be regenerated.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2015
In recent years deposal of pharmaceutical wastes has become a major problem globally. Therefore, it is necessary to removes pharmaceutical waste from the municipal as well as industrial effluents before its discharge. The convectional wastewater and biological treatments are generally failed to separate different drugs from wastewater streams. Thus, heterogeneous photocatalysis process becomes lucrative method for reduction of detrimental effects of pharmaceutical compounds. The main disadvantage of the process is the reuse or recycle of photocatalysis is a tedious job. In this work, the degradation of aqueous solution of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHD), an antibiotic drug, by heterogeneous photocatalysis was study using supported TiO2 nanoparticle. The major concern of this study is to bring down the limitations of suspension mode heterogeneous photocatalysis by implementation of immobilized TiO2 with help of calcium alginate beads. The alginate supported catalyst beads was charact...
Photocatalytic Treatment of Pharmaceuticals in Water using Immobilized TiO2 and UV-A Irradiation
2015
The presence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the wastewater effluents has confirmed that conventional wastewater treatment technologies are not sufficiently effective in the pharmaceuticals' removal. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the photocatalytic degradation of PhACs using TiO 2-P25, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 , CN) and a heterojunction of perovskite strodium titanate and graphitic carbon nitride SrTiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 (20% g-C 3 N 4 , 20CNSTO) photocatalytic materials, in hospital wastewater effluents, by simulated solar irradiation. The experiments were performed by using real wastewater samples collected from the university hospital wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent of Ioannina city (Northwestern Greece) and inherent pharmaceutical concentration levels. The analysis of the samples was accomplished by solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. In the cases of TiO 2 and CN, more than 70% of the initial concentration (e.g., venlafaxine) was degraded after 90 min, while 20CNSTO presented lower photocatalytic performance. Furthermore, some compounds were sporadically detected (e.g., fluoxetine) or their concentrations remained stable during the photocatalytic treatment time period (e.g., trimethoprim). In total 11 transformation products (TPs) were formed along the degradation processes and were identified by using liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry.
Water Research, 2009
Characterization and treatment of a real pharmaceutical wastewater containing 775 mg dissolved organic carbon per liter by a solar photo-Fenton/biotreatment were studied. There were also many inorganic compounds present in the matrix. The most important chemical in this wastewater was nalidixic acid (45 mg/L), an antibiotic pertaining to the quinolone group. A Zahn-Wellens test demonstrated that the real bulk organic content of the wastewater was biodegradable, but only after long biomass adaptation; however, the nalidixic acid concentration remained constant, showing that it cannot be biodegraded. An alternative is chemical oxidation (photo-Fenton process) first to enhance biodegradability, followed by a biological treatment (Immobilized Biomass Reactor -IBR). In this case, two studies of photo-Fenton treatment of the real wastewater were performed, one with an excess of H 2 O 2 (kinetic study) and another with controlled H 2 O 2 dosing (biodegradability and toxicity studies). In the kinetic study, nalidixic acid completely disappeared after 190 min. In the other experiment with controlled H 2 O 2 , nalidixic acid degradation was complete at 66 mM of H 2 O 2 consumed. Biodegradability and toxicity bioassays showed that photo-Fenton should be performed until total degradation of nalidixic acid before coupling a biological treatment. Analysis of the average oxidation state (AOS) demonstrated the formation of more oxidized intermediates. With this information, the photo-Fenton treatment time (190 min) and H 2 O 2 dose (66 mM) necessary for adequate biodegradability of the wastewater could be determined. An IBR operated in batch mode was able to reduce the remaining DOC to less than 35 mg/L. Ammonium consumption and NO 3 À generation demonstrated that nitrification was also attained in the IBR. Overall DOC degradation efficiency of the combined photo-Fenton and biological treatment was over 95%, of which 33% correspond to the solar photochemical process and 62% to the biological treatment. (S. Malato).
hrcak.srce.hr
Due to their insufficient removal in conventional wastewater treatments, advanced drinking and wastewater treatment options should be considered for the removal of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) from urban, hospital and industrial wastewaters. This paper summarizes the current state-of-the-art in two often applied advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), namely TiO 2 assisted photocatalysis and photo-Fenton process. Their possibilities in removing PhACs are discussed, giving examples for several most studied compounds.
Catalysis Today, 2006
A study of the photodegradation of different pharmaceuticals [furosemide, ranitidine (hydrochloride), ofloxacine, phenazone, naproxen, carbamazepine and clofibric acid] in aqueous medium at various pHs by using a batch photoreactor and a photocatalytic membrane reactor working in recirculation regime was carried out. Polycrystalline TiO2 was used as the photocatalyst, and different membranes (NTR 7410, PAN GKSS HV3/T, N 30 F, NF
Photocatalytic Decontamination in Pharmaceutical Effluent Treatment
Handbook of Ecomaterials, 2019
In recent years, due to the scarcity of fresh water, researchers are giving attention in wastewater treatment for removal of emerging contaminants especially pharmaceutical compounds. These compounds are found at trace levels. Such compounds have significant effects on all living elements in aquatic environment as well as whole ecosystem, human race, e.g., toxicity, resistance development for pathogenic bacteria, genotoxicity, and endocrine disruption, etc. There are several wastewater treatments available for both domestic as well as industrial wastewater;
Research Square (Research Square), 2024
The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of photocatalyst (Clay/UV/TiO2/ZnO) for antibiotic removal from real pharmaceutical wastewater by Combined UV, Catalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation process. The experiments were performed in a modified hybrid batch reactor with UV-C lamp. The effect of four operational variables such as the applied voltage of (5-15 V), ozone dose of (0.2-0.8 mg/min), pH (5-10), and catalyst dose (0.5-1.5 g/L) on turbidity and COD removal was investigated. Removal efficiencies of antibiotics (carbamazepine and amoxicillin) were evaluated and compared with ozonation (O3), photocatalytic Ozonation (UV/O3), Electroflucculation (EF)/UV, catalytic ozonation/UV, and Hybrid O3/catalytic ozonation/UV/EF. The results showed that the modified hybrid process with UV irradiations provided the highest removal efficiency of 86.9% for COD, and turbidity of 81.66% under optimized conditions of (DC volts of 10 V; catalyst dose of 1 g/L, and ozone dose of 0.6mg/min). The pharmaceuticals removal obtained for amoxicillin was 100% and 95% for carbamazepine. The detailed mechanism was also explored for better understanding of each process. The combined process was effective for treating pharmaceutical wastewater. Therefore, it was suggested that the novel photocatalyst and hybrid system can be used for treating real effluents in large scale and to meet UN sustainability goals.