Impact of maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy on neonatal vitamin D status (original) (raw)
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Vitamin D Status in Term Newborns and Their Mothers
Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
The aim of this study is: 1) To evaluate vitamin D serum levels of fullterm newborns and its association with the maternal levels; 2) To evaluate the diet and the intake of multivitamin supplements of women; 3) To analyze seasonal dependence in serum levels of mother-baby pairs. The prospective study was carried out between July 2018 and February 2020 at the University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Maichin dom”, Sofia. The study included 45 full-term newborns and their mothers. Data collected included maternal health, nutrition, vitamin intake, and anthropometric data of the newborns. The laboratory tests performed: maternal serum 25(OH)D levels taken in the third trimester of pregnancy and umbilical cord levels of 25(OH)D. The results show that the mean birth weight was 3234.22 ± 370.29 g and the mean gestational age was 38.13±0.89 weeks. A 25(OH)D sufficiency was found in 58% of mothers and 67% of newborns. A strong positive correlation between maternal and neonatal 25(OH...
Impact of Maternal Severe Vitamin D Deficiency on Fetal Outcome
Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 2020
Original Research Article Vitamin D is known to play an important role in bone metabolism and immune system regulation. Objective: to evaluate the impact of maternal vitamin D level on Baby hematological & anthropometric measurements. Patients and methods: prospective cross sectional study was conducted on 22 women with their babies who delivered vaginally at AL-Jamhoria hospital labour room with gestational age ˃ 37 week. The verbal consent was taken with Full out the questions Form. Maternal venous blood for biochemical (vitamin D, PTH, s. Ca+, s. Po4, s. Alk. Ph) & baby venous blood for biochemical (vit. D, s.Ca+, s. PO4, s. Alk. Ph) and anthropometric measurements (B. weight, Length, Head circumference) were taken immediately after birth by same person. Results and Conclusion: 22 women with their babies, aged between 19-42 year with mean (31.5± 5.83) where 5 (22.7 %) 0f them received vitamin D injection during pregnancy. Mean maternal vitamin D & parathyroid hormone levels were (3.29± 1.36 & 53.2± 2.2) respectively, the mean maternal calcium, phosphate & Alkaline phosphatase were {(8.5± 0.42), (3.66± 0.46), (77.5± 2.2)} respectively. The mean baby vitamin D level is 3.75± 2.04 where10 (45.5%) of babies had features of vitamin D. The mean baby calcium, phosphate, Alkaline phosphatase were {(9.20± 0.56), (5.20± 0.7), (93.5± 3.20)} respectively. The mean baby birth weight, Length, Head circumference were {(3.35± 0.45), (49.95± 1.17), (34.79± 1.08)} respectively. The significant correlation were exists between Maternal vitamin D & baby vitamin D & between Maternal parathyroid hormone & Baby Alkaline phosphatase.
Nutrition Journal, 2013
Background: Vitamin D concentrations during pregnancy are measured to diagnose states of insufficiency or deficiency. The aim of this study is to apply accurate assays of vitamin D forms [single-hydroxylated [25(OH)D 2 , 25(OH)D 3 ], double-hydroxylated [1α,25(OH) 2 D 2 , 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 ], epimers [3-epi-25(OH)D 2 , 3-epi-25(OH)D 3 ] in mothers (serum) and neonates (umbilical cord) to i) explore maternal and neonatal vitamin D biodynamics and ii) to identify maternal predictors of neonatal vitamin D concentrations. Methods: All vitamin D forms were quantified in 60 mother-neonate paired samples by a novel liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay. Maternal characteristics [age, ultraviolet B exposure, dietary vitamin D intake, calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone] were recorded. Hierarchical linear regression was used to predict neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations. Results: Mothers had similar concentrations of 25(OH)D 2 and 25(OH)D 3 forms compared to neonates (17.9 ± 13.2 vs. 15.9 ± 13.6 ng/mL, p = 0.289) with a ratio of 1:3. The epimer concentrations, which contribute approximately 25% to the total vitamin D levels, were similar in mothers and neonates (4.8 ± 7.8 vs. 4.5 ± 4.7 ng/mL, p = 0.556). No correlation was observed in mothers between the levels of the circulating form (25OHD 3 ) and its active form. Neonatal 25(OH)D 2 was best predicted by maternal characteristics, whereas 25(OH)D 3 was strongly associated to maternal vitamin D forms (R 2 = 0.253 vs. 0.076 and R 2 = 0.109 vs. 0.478, respectively). Maternal characteristics explained 12.2% of the neonatal 25(OH)D, maternal 25(OH)D concentrations explained 32.1%, while epimers contributed an additional 11.9%. Conclusions: By applying a novel highly specific vitamin D assay, the present study is the first to quantify 3-epi-25 (OH)D concentrations in mother -newborn pairs. This accurate assay highlights a considerable proportion of vitamin D exists as epimers and a lack of correlation between the circulating and active forms. These results highlight the need for accurate measurements to appraise vitamin D status. Maternal characteristics and circulating forms of vitamin D, along with their epimers explain 56% of neonate vitamin D concentrations. The roles of active and epimer forms in the maternal -neonatal vitamin D relationship warrant further investigation.
Determinants of vitamin D status in pregnant women and neonates
Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique, 2016
Evidence suggests a beneficial effect of vitamin D on perinatal health; however, low vitamin D status is prevalent in pregnant women and neonates. The objective was to determine factors that are associated with vitamin D status of mothers in early pregnancy and neonates. The study comprised 1,635 pregnant women from Quebec City and Halifax, Canada, 2002-2010. Vitamin D status was based on the concentration of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] determined with a chemiluminescence immunoassay in maternal sera collected at a median of 15 weeks' gestation and in neonatal cord sera at delivery. A questionnaire with information on potential determinants was completed midpregnancy. A total of 44.8% of mothers and 24.4% of neonates had 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nmol/L. Adjusted mean (95% confidence interval) maternal 25(OH)D levels were higher in summer than in winter by 16.1 nmol/L (13.6-18.7), and in those in the highest versus the lowest category of education by 6.1 nmol/L (0.5-11.8)...
Maternal and infant vitamin D status during the first 9 months of infant life—a cohort study
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2013
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess vitamin D status and possible consequences of low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in a population of healthy mothers and their infants. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 107 women aged 24-41 years gave birth to 108 infants. They were followed up three times during 9 months. RESULTS: Cord blood 25OHD level (43.3 ± 20.4 nmol/l) on average was 62 ± 16% of maternal levels (73.3 ± 30.7 nmol/l), measured 1-2 weeks postpartum. Cord blood 25OHD correlated positively with maternal 25OHD levels (r ¼ 0.83, Po0.001). At birth, 23% of mothers and 61% of infants had 25OHD o50 nmol/l. Vitamin D deficiency (25OHDo25 nmol/l) was present in 66% of the children born by mothers with 25OHD levels below 50 nmol/l (Po0.01), whereas only one child was born with deficiency among mothers with 25OHD 450 nmol/l. During follow-up, most of the children (485%) had 25OHD levels 450 nmol/l, which most likely was attributable to the use of supplements, as more than 95% of the children were given daily vitamin D supplements of 10 mg of vitamin D. Cord blood parathyroid hormone levels were very low (median 0.21; interquartile range 0.11-0.33 pmol/l), with increasing levels (Po0.01) reaching 3.08 (2.67-3.92 pmol/l) at the last visit. Vitamin D levels were not associated with anthropometric indices of the newborn infant or their growth during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency is widespread in newborn. Maternal 25OHD levels above 50 nmol/l are needed to prevent vitamin D deficiency among newborn.
A Study of Neonatal Vitamin D Levels and its Association with Maternal Factors
2018
Background: This study was done to find the relation of vitamin D status in neonates and their mothers and its association with maternal factors. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the association of vitamin D status of term neonates and maternal factors. Participants: 140 term neonates and their mothers between October 2015 to September 2016. Procedure: Term neonates vitamin D levels compared with their mother’s vitamin D levels and its association with maternal factors. Main outcome measure: 1) Comparison of maternal and neonatal vitamin D levels. 2) Association of neonatal vitamin D levels with maternal factors. Results: 1) Maternal vitamin D levels were lower in winter and autumn. Neonatal vitamin D level was lower in all seasons. 2) When sun protective clothes were used by mothers their vitamin D levels were lower. (p-value<0.001). 3) More number of babies also had inadequate and severe vitamin D deficiency where the duration of mother’s exposure to sunlight wa...
Vitamin D status in pregnant women and their newborns in a tertiary care hospital
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2018
Background: In the recent years there has been an increased understanding of the role that vitamin D plays in regulation of cell growth, calcium absorption and immunity and its impact on the developing fetus and maternal health is of significant concern. This study aims at evaluating the Vitamin D status in pregnant women and their newborns.Methods: A cross sectional study was done on 100 pregnant females according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. At the time of delivery, maternal blood was collected, and newborn samples were taken from newborn side of umbilical cord and sent for analysis.Results: The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency has been found to be 85% of pregnant females and 91% of the newborns. Only 5% of pregnant females and 1% of the newborns showed Vitamin D sufficiency. Maternal and newborn vitamin D levels show a positive correlation. Mean maternal and newborn Vitamin D levels were found to be 16.78±7.04 ng/mL and 11.29±5.75 ng/ml.Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency...
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences
Background: Vitamin D has important role in regulating various metabolic processes in the body including calcium metabolism. Fetuses and neonates are dependent on their mothers to get adequate supply of Vitamin D. Maintaining adequate maternal Vitamin D levels may be highly beneficial for their fetuses and the babies. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to find a correlation, if any, between maternal Vitamin D status and neonatal Vitamin D levels and delayed neonatal hypocalcemia. Materials and Methods: Fifty mother infant pairs with neonatal late onset hypocalcemia were included in the study. Detailed clinical history along with simultaneous maternal and neonatal blood samples were taken for estimation of calcium, phosphorus, parathormone (intact), and Vitamin D levels. Results: Mean maternal and neonatal serum Vitamin D (25-OH Vitamin D) levels were 19.5±7.5 and 15±8.5, respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between maternal and neonatal Vitamin ...
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2015
Vitamin D supplementation is recommended for breastfed infants. Maternal supplementation beginning in gestation is a potential alternative, but its efficacy in maintaining infant 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration after birth is unknown. We determined the effect of 3 doses of maternal vitamin D supplementation beginning in gestation and continued in lactation on infant serum 25(OH)D and compared the prevalence of infant serum 25(OH)D cutoffs (>30, >40, >50, and >75 nmol/L) by dose at 8 wk of age. Pregnant women (n = 226) were randomly allocated to receive 10, 25, or 50 μg vitamin D3/d from 13 to 24 wk of gestation until 8 wk postpartum, with no infant supplementation. Mother and infant blood was collected at 8 wk postpartum. At 8 wk postpartum, mean [nmol/L (95% CI)] infant 25(OH)D at 8 wk was higher in the 50-μg/d [75 (67, 83)] than in the 25-μg/d [52 (45, 58)] or 10-μg/d [45 (38, 52)] vitamin D groups (P < 0.05). Fewer infants born to mothers in the 50-μg/d...
Vitamin D levels in newborns and association with neonatal hypocalcemia
The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 2017
Objective: Vitamin D has many important functions in our body. Especially in intrauterine and early infancy periods, Vitamin D plays a major role in bone development, growth, and the maturation of tissues such as lung and brain. Fetus is dependent on the mother in terms of Vitamin D and maternal Vitamin D deficiency results in a Vitamin D deficient newborn. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of Vitamin D in newborns and to investigate the association between Vitamin D status of the baby and neonatal hypocalcemia. Method: Vitamin D, calcium, and parathyroid hormone levels of 750 infants, born between 1 January 2014 and 30 June 2015 and followed in Ondokuz Mayıs University Neonatal Intensive Care Unit were analyzed retrospectively. Blood levels of Vitamin D were checked within 3 days after birth. A 25(OH)D3 level of <10 ng/ml indicated severe, levels between 10 and 20 ng/ml, which indicated moderate and levels between 20 and 30 ng/ml indicated mild Vitamin D deficiency. Serum calcium levels below 8 mg/dl in term infants and below 7 mg/dl in preterm infants were accepted as hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia that developed within the first week after birth was defined as early, while hypocalcemia after one week were defined as late hypocalcemia. Results: A total of 44% of the infants in the study were girls, while 56% were boys; 38% were term and 62% were preterm. Average 25(OH)D3 level of all infants was 11.4 ± 10.2 (0-153) ng/ml. Only 30 (4%) infants had normal (>30 ng/ml) 25(OH)D3 levels; 68 (9%) had mild, 234 (31%) had moderate and 418 (56%) had severe vitamin D deficiency. No correlation was found between Vitamin D levels and gender, mother's age, gestational week or birth weight. In 79 (17.2%) preterms, neonatal hypocalcemia was observed. Vitamin D levels of the premature infants who had early neonatal hypocalcemia were statistically significantly lower when compared with those who did not have early neonatal hypocalcemia (p ¼ .02). No significant difference was found between the Vitamin D levels of the term infants who had early neonatal hypocalcemia and those who did not (p¼ .29). No significant difference was found between the Vitamin D levels of the infants who had late neonatal hypocalcemia and those who did not (in preterm p ¼ .27; in term p ¼ .29). Conclusions: Although lack of Vitamin D is preventable and curable, it is an important health problem for newborns in Turkey. In our study, 56% of the infants were found to have severe lack of Vitamin D and lack of Vitamin D was found to be associated with early neonatal hypocalcemia in preterm newborns. However, long-term effects of lack of Vitamin D in infancy are not fully known. In order to be able to prevent neonatal Vitamin D deficiency, 1200 IU/day vitamin D was supplemented to mothers from the 12th gestational week to 6th month of the birth, which was put into effect by the Ministry of Health in 2011, and should be applied by all health workers.