Three-dimensional facial capture using a custom-built photogrammetry setup: Design, performance, and cost (original) (raw)
2020, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Introduction: Although stereo-photogrammetry is increasingly popular for scanning faces three-dimensionally, commercial solutions remain quite expensive, limiting their accessibility. We propose a more affordable, custom-built photogrammetry setup (SF3D), and evaluate its variability within-and between-systems. Methods: 29 subjects and a mannequin head were imaged three times using SF3D and a commercially available system (3dMDFace). Next, an anthropometric mask was mapped visco-elastically onto the reconstructed meshes using Meshmonk. Withinsystems shape variability was determined by calculating the RMSE of the Procrustes distance between each of the three subject's scans and the subject's ground truth (calculated by averaging the mappings after a non-scaled generalized Procrustes superimposition). Inter-system variability was determined by similarly comparing the ground truth mappings of both systems. Two-factor Procrustes ANOVA was used to partition the inter-system shape variability to better understand the source of the discrepancies between the facial shapes acquired by both systems. Results: The RMSE of the within-system shape variability for 3dMDFace and SF3F were 0.52 +/-0.07 mm, and 0.45 +/-0.17 mm, respectively. The corresponding values for the mannequin head were 0.42 +/-0.02 mm, and 0.29 +/-0.03 mm, respectively. The between-systems RMSE was 1.6 +/-0.34 mm for the study group, and 1.38 mm for the mannequin head. Two-factor ANOVA indicated that variability attributable to the system was expressed mainly at the upper eyelids, nasal tip and alae, and chin. Conclusions: The variability values of the custom-built setup presented here were competitive to a state-of-the-art commercial system at a more affordable level of investment.
Loading Preview
Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.