An Analysis of Frequency, Morphology, and Locations of Maxillary Sinus Septa Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (original) (raw)
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Characteristics of Maxillary Sinus Septa: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation
International Journal of Dentistry
Objective. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence, location, and morphological differences of the septa using CBCT images. Methods. This retrospective study was conducted on CBCT examinations. The sample included both mixed and permanent dentition and edentulous patients. The images were viewed in 3 planes (sagittal, coronal, and axial) and the left and right maxillary sinuses were evaluated for the septa’s prevalence, location, and morphological differences. Results. The measurements were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Out of 200, 122 patients showed one or more bony septa in the maxillary sinus. The septal location and angulation were not limited to a specific area or a specific range. Significant differences between genders were found. Conclusions. The increased surface area of the septa using plane 2-dimensional radiographs is impossible. CBCT has improved the planning of any sinus procedure and offers adequate information compared to conventional radiographs.
Anatomical characteristics of maxillary sinus septa visualized by cone beam computed tomography
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2019
Proper implant positioning in the posterior region of the edentulous maxilla commonly requires sinus floor elevation. Maxillary sinus septa increase the risk of membrane perforation during sinus floor elevation. The purpose of this retrospective, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based study was to examine the frequency, number, location, and orientation of antral septa in the maxillary sinus. Further, possible associated factors were assessed. Measurements were performed on CBCT scans of 301 patients (602 sinuses). The data were analysed statistically with respect to patient age, sex, and dentition type. One or more septa were detected in 117 patients (38.9%). A total of 188 septa were found in the 602 sinuses (31.2%). Septa were most often coronally oriented (53.2%), followed by sagittal (24.5%) and transverse (22.3%) orientations. Septa were most often found in the region of the first and second molar (37.2%), followed by the posterior region of the third molar (33.0%) and the anterior region of the premolars and canines (29.8%). A significant association was found between edentulism and the presence of septa. For edentulous patients, the septa were most often transversally oriented. Maxillary sinus septa are encountered in every third patient. This may have an influence on the performance of sinus floor elevation.
Acta Scientific Dental Scienecs, 2019
The presence of sinus septa may cause complications in sinus augmentation surgery for dental implant therapy. Purpose of this study is to determine prevalence, location and morphology of maxillary sinus septa. Methods: Eight hundred and twenty-one cone beam computed tomography scans were retrospectively evaluated for the prevalence, location and morphology of sinus septa. Age, gender, ethnicity, and dentition status were also evaluated to determine potential relationship of the presence of septa. Results: Sinus septa were present in 44.56% scans and 35.7% sinuses. 26.76% of subjects presented sinus septa on both sinuses. 17.79% of subjects had one or multiple septa on either side. Septa height has a mean of 5.26 mm (range of 1.2 to 22.30 mm). The most common sinus septa location is the second premolar region. Orientation of septa was 67.8 % vertical, 31.68 % transverse, and 0.51% horizontal. Complete septa were found in only 0.01 % of the subjects. The age and gender factors are not statistically significant. Conclusions: Incidence of septa was found in 44.56% scans. Most common orientation of septa is vertical following by transverse. Most septa are incomplete and located in second premolar region. Different ethnic populations may present with different prevalence of sinus septa. Septa should be identified and surgical technique may need to be modified to minimize complications during sinus augmentation procedures. Maxillary sinus septa were first analyzed regarding their prevalence and characteristics by Arthur S. Underwood, and thus also referred to as Underwood's septa [1]. Underwood1 defined septa as a sickle-shaped reaching up the inner to outer wall. Septa is an irregular development (irregular as to period as well as shape, size and position) and can be categorized into primary Prevalence, Location and Morphology of Maxillary Sinus Septa in an United States Dental School Population Volume 3 Issue
Oral Surgery, 2013
Objective: To analyse the number of septa in the maxillary sinuses using computed tomography (CT) in correlation with gender, age and the presence of teeth in the region. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 300 CT scans obtained from a private radiology clinic between 2009 and 2011. The CT scans included in the study should have the appropriate image of the maxillary sinus and contain information regarding age, gender and the date of the examinations. Patients with a history of pathologies in the region, patients who underwent floor of mouth surgery and patients less than 20 years of age were excluded from the sample. The authors considered osseous septa to be septa with a height above 4 mm in relation to the base of the sinus floor. The sample was divided into three groups: (i) presence of all teeth, (ii) partially edentulous-a minimum of two teeth present between the second premolar and second molar-and (iii) totally edentulous. The data were divided and stratified by age and gender. Results: The frequency of septa in the maxillary sinus was 37.80% (n = 183). No significant difference was observed among the five age groups (P > 0.05); additionally, there was no significant difference in septa frequency (P > 0.05)-analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's. Univariate and multivariate ANOVA showed a significant interaction between tooth loss and age (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Statistical analyses demonstrated no difference in the number of septa in relation to age, gender or the number of teeth in the posterior maxilla. Clinical relevance After tooth loss, the posterior maxillary alveolar bone suffers intense resorption and pneumatization of the maxillary sinus. These events reduce the available volume of the bone conventional dental implants fixation. Several surgical techniques are used in accessing the sinus floor to increase the membrane and attach the implant. The presence of bony septa increases the risk of surgical complications and requires surgical experience from the professional. This article evaluated the frequency of septa in 300 computed tomography scans, correlating gender, age and presence or not of teeth. It was concluded that the frequency of the septa is high and no correlation was found.
Incidence, Size and Orientation of Maxillary Sinus Septa—A Retrospective Clinical Study
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze if there is any statistical correlation between the surgery’s complexity (easy to difficult—depending on the anatomical conditions) and the patient’s sex, type of edentulism, and left or right side of the maxilla. Methods: Cone beam computed tomography records of 1192 maxillary sinuses were evaluated, measured, and statistically analyzed with respect to patient sex, type of edentulism, and left or right side, taking into consideration Wen’s proposed sinus septum classification. Results: Our research suggests that most sinus augmentation procedures in patients presenting antral septum fall into the Moderate A category (31.94%) and that there is not a correlation between the surgery’s complexity (easy to difficult) and the patient’s sex, type of edentulism and left or right side of the maxilla. Conclusion: We suggest a minor modification to Wen’s classification in view of the fact that our findings revealed a combination of medio-lat...
European Journal of Dentistry, 2019
Objective The purpose of this study was to measure and classify sinus septa variables (prevalence, numbers, heights, locations, orientations, and morphology) and to determine the effects of age, gender, and dental status on the presence of septa and also to evaluate the effects of septa on pathological mucosal thickening. Materials and Methods A total of 2,000 patients were analyzed through conebeam computed tomography (CBCT). The total of 500 maxillary sinuses were included in this study. The number of maxillary sinus septa was determined on axial sections of CBCT images. Their locations, orientations, and morphologies were determined on both the axial and sagittal sections, and their heights were determined only on the sagittal sections. The influence of age, gender, dental status, and pathological mucosal thickening on the presence of septa was statistically analyzed. Mann–Whitney U-test and descriptive statistics were used for statistical analysis. Results The average height of ...
Imaging Science in Dentistry, 2016
Purpose: Sinus elevation procedures have become a routine and reliable way to gain bone volume in the edentulous maxilla for dental implant placement. Presence of bony septations and pathology in the maxillary sinus often cause complications leading to graft or implant failure or both. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the prevalence of pathology, direction of the septa, and sinus width measured at 2 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm from the sinus floor in maxillary sinuses using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Seventy-two sinuses from 36 random preoperative CBCT scans referred for implant therapy were retrospectively evaluated for the number, prevalence, and direction of bony septations and presence of pathology. Width of the sinus was also measured at 2 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm from the sinus floor to account for the amount of bone available for implant placement. results: Maxillary sinus septa were found in 59.7%. Presence of a single septum was noted in 20 sinuses (27.7%), followed by two septa in 17 sinuses. The most common direction of the septum was the transverse direction. Retention pseudocyst and mucosal thickening were the most commonly seen abnormality/pathology. conclusion: Based on the high prevalence of septa and sinus pathology in this sample, a preoperative CBCT scan might be helpful in minimizing complications during sinus augmentation procedures for dental implant therapy.
The incidence, location, and height of maxillary sinus septa in the edentulous and dentate maxilla
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1999
This study evaluated the incidence, location, and height of antral septa and demonstrates their clinical implications. One hundred ninety-four maxillary posterior regions, subdivided into four groups (group 1, 61 clinically examined atrophic ridges; group 2, 41 anatomically examined atrophic ridges; group 3, 42 radiographically [CT] examined atrophic ridges; and group 4, 50 CT examined dentate maxillary ridges), were examined for the incidence, location, and height of antral septa. The incidence of antral septa was significantly greater (P<.01) in atrophic edentulous regions (groups 1, 2, and 3) than in dentate regions (group 4). However, the septa were much lower (P<.01). In atrophic maxillae, about 70% of antral septa were located in the anterior (premolar) region. Antral septa are more commonly found in edentulous atrophic maxillae than in dentate maxillae. The septae in edentulous atrophic maxillae are shorter than those found in dentate maxillae. When present, maxillary sinus septae are more common anteriorly than posteriorly. CT scanning is the preferred radiographic method for detecting the presence (or absence) of sinus septae. Panoramic radiography has less sensitivity and specificity than CT scanning for the detection of sinus septa.