Study on the gender dimension of trafficking in human beings - final report (original) (raw)
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European Study on the Gender Dimension of Trafficking in Human Beings Final report 2016
The study addresses the five priorities of the EU Strategy: identifying, protecting, and assisting victims of trafficking; stepping up the prevention of trafficking in human beings; better law enforcement; enhanced coordination and cooperation among key actors and policy coherence; and increased knowledge of an effective response to emerging concerns. This study, according to its terms of reference, aims to look specifically at the gender dimension of trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation. This follows evidence from statistical data from Eurostat, as well as data from The European Police Office (Europol) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), according to which the most reported form of exploitation of victims is that of sexual exploitation and its strong gender dimension (96 % women and girls). It further addresses recommendations addressed in the Resolution of the European Parliament of 26 February 2014 on sexual exploitation and prostitution and its impact on gender equality (2013/2103(INI)) urging the European Commission to evaluate the impact that the European legal frame- work designed to eliminate trafficking for sexual exploitation has had to date and to undertake further research on patterns of prostitution, on human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation and on the increased level of sex tourism in the EU, with particular reference to minors, and to promote the exchange of best practices among the Member States. The study identifies and draws on EU law and policy competence in gender equality in its identi cation of the gen- der dimensions of tra cking. The gender dimensions are clustered into five issues: gender specificity and equal treatment; gender expertise, gender balance in decision-making and gender mainstreaming; the relationship between prostitution and tra cking; gendered policy fields and strategic priorities; gendered systems and the theory of prevention.
Senior Thesis: Trafficking in Women for the Purpose of Sexual Exploitation in Europe
This thesis elaborates on the socio-economic roots of trafficking in women, and it also argues that governments should develop a victim-centred approach and not view trafficking simply as a “law and order problem.” Trafficking in women for the purpose of sexual exploitation has reached unprecedented levels in the recent decades due to the economic consequences of globalization and the structural adjustments that countries of Eastern Europe and ex-USSR have undergone. In search for better economical conditions, women from these countries migrate to Western Europe with the hope of finding a better life; however, many find themselves trapped in the sex industry. The current profit of the sex industry from Eastern to Western Europe is estimated to be billions of dollars. Recognizing the scale of the trafficking phenomenon, the international community has taken steps in order to fight it. In the majority of cases, trafficking has been viewed as a “law and order” problem without paying too much attention to the rights of victims. The European Union lately has adopted a directive which aims to offer assistance to trafficking victims and protect them from further victimization by judicial authorities in cases when victims reside illegally in a member state. This thesis, in addition, emphasizes the need for member-states to issue residence permits to victims without limiting it to their cooperation with judicial authorities.
The Phenomenon of Trafficking in Human Beings in the International and European Documents
2020
Trafficking in human beings is considered to be the modern slavery. In the last few decades, it has spread and is continuing to spread all across the world due to its high-demand character and also due to the complex transborder network of organised crime working underground. In order to counteract this phenomenon, there needs to be a similarly complex network of international actors, such as international organisations, states, NGOs and all the other actors involved, which intensively and efficiently cooperate in order to prevent THB, prosecute offenders and protect victims. Most counter trafficking efforts have accelerated after 2000, when the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children was adopted. Therefore, in the area of legal measures, much has been done, but in the area of gathering data, prosecution of offenders and protection and assistance of victims there is still much to be done. This article will make a general overview of the most important EU documents issued in the area of counter trafficking, in addition to the UN Protocol, assessing the legal and policy framework that is already in place in the EU concerning this aspect.
The aim of this study is, by focusing on the main International and European legal framework, to demonstrate that consisting violation of women's rights are still occurring, especially to those who are also qualified under the international humanitarian law as " asylum-seekers "; to underline the " link between gender-based human rights violations and trafficking in women" ; to picture that this issue affects a huge number of individuals mainly because of their sex or gender; to show that it's a worldwide - especially European, and also Italian issue, which hasn't been solved yet; instead, the only actor in the international arena who seems it had taken some steps is the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights.
2021
The thesis studies the European anti-trafficking framework, comprehending relevant EU and Council of Europe instruments, and the narrative of trafficking that it creates. The aim of the thesis is to identify the assumptions and the imagery of trafficking upon which the framework is formed as well as the exclusions and blind spots that these assumptions create. The thesis analyses the legal framework by adopting a critical feminist methodology. It studies assumptions concerning gender and migration in the trafficking narrative by first focusing on a linkage between trafficking and prostitution policies, then on a linkage between trafficking and migration and finally on connections between trafficking and other forms of gender-based violence. Assumptions of what trafficking is are produced through linkages, and sometimes lacks of linkages, between these frameworks. The thesis argues that trafficking is assumed to involve organized criminal groups trafficking migrant women to the sex i...