Intergenerational transmission of neuropsychological executive functioning (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2011
The present study examined the potential mediating roles of executive and reactive disinhibition in predicting conduct problems, ADHD symptoms, and substance use among adolescents with and without a family history of substance use disorders. Using data from 247 high-risk adolescents, parents, and grandparents, structural equation modeling indicated that reactive disinhibition, as measured by sensation seeking, mediated the effect of familial drug use disorders on all facets of the adolescent externalizing spectrum. Executive disinhibition, as measured by response disinhibition, spatial short term memory, and "trait" impulsivity, was associated with ADHD symptoms. Moreover, although executive functioning weakness were unrelated to familial substance use disorders, adolescents with familial alcohol use disorders were at risk for "trait" impulsivity marked by a lack of planning. These results illustrate the importance of "unpacking" the broad temperament style of disinhibition and of studying the processes that underlie the commonality among facets of the externalizing spectrum and processes that that predict specific externalizing outcomes.
Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 2022
Objectives To compare the executive functions in adolescents of fathers with alcohol dependence (AOFADs) with a control group of adolescents without a paternal history of alcohol dependence and examine the association between executive functioning problems and behavioral and emotional problems. Materials and Methods The study included 39 AOFADs and 45 adolescent offspring of fathers without a history of alcohol-use disorders, who were matched for age and sex. They were assessed using standardized measures of executive functions and emotional and behavioral problems. Statistical Analysis A comparison was made between the two groups about the parental report of adolescents' executive functions and adolescents' self-reported emotional and behavioral problems. ANCOVA was performed to understand the covariance of educational and socioeconomic status on executive functions. Correlation between executive functions, emotional and behavioral problems, and the duration of father's alcohol dependence was examined with Spearman's rho. Results AOFAD group showed significant impairment on all subdomains of executive functions and emotional and behavioral disturbances (p < 0.01) but not on the prosocial behavioral dimension (p < 0.01). The group differences were independent of child's education and family income. Executive functional impairments positively correlated with psychopathology (p < 0.01). Problems with executive functions and psychopathology correlated with the duration of the father's alcohol dependence.
Addictive Behaviors, 1995
In order to better understand the transgeneration liability for a substance abuse disorder, we investigated the impact of parental and familial substance abuse disorders on prepubertal boys. Specifically, the influence of each parent's substance abuse history and the effects of significant family aggregation of substance abuse disorders were tested a\ predictors of the child's behavioral disposition. IQ, and school achievement scores. while controlling for socioeconomic status (SES). Sons of substance abusing fathers were found to have higher externalizing and internalizing problem-behavior scores. lower IQ scores. and lower school achievement scores. Internalizing and externalizing problem-behavior score, were most strongly associated with hilineal parental substance ahuse. whereas SES and paternal substance abuse were most strongly associated with IQ and school performance scores. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that although paternal substance abuse has an adverse impact on the son's functioning. bilineal parental substance abuse is associated with the greatest behavioral deviancy among prepuhertal males and is associated with a greater liability for substance abuse.
Journal of Abnormal Child …, 1998
A mild deficit in executive functions has been hypothesized to be associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with externalizing problem behaviors such as conduct disorder (CD) and with the vulnerability to alcoholism in sons of multi-generational alcoholics (SOMGAs). These three categories overlap, which raises concerns about the specificity of the hypothesized associations. In the present study, measures of executive functions (EFs) were tested in seventy-six 7-to 11-year-old boys: boys with ADHD but without a family history of addiction, SOMGAs, and controls. Specific deficits in EFs were found for boys with ADHD but not for SOMGAs. The association between a deficit in EFs and attention problems remained after controlling for externalizing problem behaviors, but not for the reverse. These results suggest that a mild deficit in EFs is specifically related to ADHD and that the deficits reported in boys with CD and in SOMGAs are due to relatively high attentional problems in these groups or due to other factors such as motivation.
According to the Hybrid Model (van Bergen et al., 2014), the significant association among Executive functioning (EF), reading, and math may be partially explained by parent-reported EF’s role as a common risk and/or protective factor in reading and math (dis)abilities. The current study used a sample of 434 twin pairs (Mage = 12.12) from Florida to conduct genetically-sensitive modeling on children’s parent-reported EF, reading, and math skills to determine the common and unique etiological influences among the three domains. EF was measured through parent report and reading and math were measured with standardized test scores drawn from Florida’s Progress Monitoring and Reporting Network as well as standardized parent-administered assessments collected by mail. Our trivariate Cholesky modeling showed that no matter which parent-reported EF component was modeled, the overlap of parent-reported EF with reading and math was explained by common genetic influences. Supplemental analysi...
The valence (positive or negative) of the initial reaction to cigarette smoking predicts later regular smoking. Symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increase smoking risk and may moderate the relationship between genotype and smoking. We conducted an exploratory study to assess whether ADHD symptoms interact with genotype to predict the valence of self-reported initial reactions to smoking. Methods: Participants were a subsample of 1,900 unrelated individuals with genotype data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a nationally representative sample of adolescents followed from 1995 to 2002. Linear regression was used to examine relationships among self-reported ADHD symptoms, genotype, and self-reported initial reaction to cigarettes (9 items reflecting pleasant or unpleasant reactions). Results: Polymorphisms in the DRD2 gene, SLC6A4 gene, and, among males, the MAOA gene interacted with retrospective reports of ADHD symptoms in predicting pleasant initial reaction to cigarettes. Polymorphisms in the CYP2A6 gene, and, among females, the MAOA gene interacted with retrospective reports of ADHD symptoms in predicting unpleasant initial reaction to cigarettes. No main effect for any of these polymorphisms was observed nor were any interactions with DRD4 and DAT genes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that genotypes associated with monoamine neurotransmission interact with ADHD symptoms to influence initial reactions to cigarette smoking. Given that initial reactions to cigarettes also predict lifetime smoking, these results add to a growing body of literature that suggests ADHD symptoms increase risk for smoking and should be accounted for in genetic studies of smoking.
Parent depressive symptoms and offspring executive functioning
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 2018
Previous research has found mixed results when assessing the association between a parent's history of depressive symptoms and a child's abilities on measures of executive functioning. The purpose of this study was to replicate and expand upon these findings by evaluating the influence of a parent's depressive symptoms on a young person's executive functioning. As part of a larger study, 135 children (54.8% female, aged 8-12) and one biological parent completed diagnostic screening interviews. Children then completed a brief executive functioning battery. Symptoms endorsed under the past major depressive episode module of the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to measure depressive symptoms of parents. While controlling for parent alcohol status and age, gender, intelligence, and current depressive symptoms of the child, linear regression models revealed that the parent's depressive symptoms significantly predicted deficits in Letter-Number Se...
2020
Parent-reported attention/impulse regulation and cognitive abilities have been used to operationalize and measure the development of self-regulation. Parent-reported attention/impulse regulation is often measured by caregiver ratings. Cognitive abilities, such as intelligence and executive function, are typically assessed using performance-based measures. Both these domains of self-regulation are often implicated in at-risk and clinical samples as important predictors of socio-emotional, academic and vocational outcomes. To better understand the development of competency in these domains, data were examined from a community sample of children and youth, assessed longitudinally across an age range of 8-20 years. Repeated measures ANOVAs, correlations and cross-lagged panel models examined relationships among and between domains over time. Cognitive abilities improved with time, whereas parent-reported attention/impulse regulation remained unchanged across follow-ups. Relationships among cognitive variables and parent-reported attention/impulse regulation were small. We discuss methodological issues that should be addressed in future research assessing the development of these constructs.