Nanocomposites for structural applications (original) (raw)
Nanotechnology and the Environment [Working Title]
Nanocomposites are the heterogeneous/hybrid materials that are produced by the mixtures of polymers with inorganic solids (clays to oxides) at the nanometric scale. Their structures are found to be more complicated than that of microcomposites. They are highly influenced by the structure, composition, interfacial interactions, and components of individual property. Most popularly, nanocomposites are prepared by the process within in situ growth and polymerization of biopolymer and inorganic matrix. With the rapid estimated demand of these striking potentially advanced materials, make them very much useful in various industries ranging from small scale to large to very large manufacturing units. With a great deal to mankind with environmental friendly, these offer advanced technologies in addition to the enhanced business opportunities to several industrial sectors like automobile, construction, electronics and electrical, food packaging, and technology transfer.
Nanocomposites: Technologically Advanced Material for Wide Engineering Applications
Current Nanomaterials, 2017
Background: Since the available metals are not able to meet the desired structural, mechanical and electrochemical properties therefore composites and nanocomposites are being used now a days. Composites are an amalgamation of materials that are mixed together to develop new compound with special and superior properties as compared to the base material. Nanocomposite is a new approach in which out of two phase, any one phase should consist of single unit sized particle whose dimension lies in between 1 and 1000 nanometres (nm) but usually it lies between 1-100 nm Objective: The present paper provides an overview on the different types of nanocomposites, their manufacturing, mechanical behaviour & industrial applications. Method: Gupta et al. synthesized iron (Fe)-alumina (Al 2 O 3) metal matrix nanocomposites synthesized via powder metallurgy technique. Composition selected for the study was in the range of 5-30wt% of Al 2 O 3 in Fe matrix. Specimens were synthesized by ball milling, compaction and sintering in argon atmosphere in temperature range of 900-1100°C for 1 to 3 hour respectively. Results: It was found that due to reactive sintering between iron and alumina particles an iron aluminate (FeAl 2 O 4) phase forms. Formation of nano iron aluminate phases and related properties also depend on processing parameters. It was also found that the mechanical and electrochemical properties varies with the sintering parameters which in turn depend upon the iron aluminate phase formation. Conclusion: Metal Matrix Nanocomposites are excellent for manufacturing materials having high strength in the case of shear & compression processes and have ability to work at elevated temperature.
Nanocomposite and Its Morphological Characterization -Review
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
In the wider field of nanotechnology, nanocomposites have attracted a great deal of attention and, due to the enhanced mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of the weld with modulus, strength and dimensional stability of the nanocomposite, they find increased use for various applications in several industries. Metallic and ceramic nanocomposites were used at an earlier stage of development to solve the dangerous issue of optimizing nanomaterial dispersal in matrices. Nanocomposites are currently finding uses in many fields. However, there are also some disadvantages to these characteristics such as optical issues dispersion difficulties, the color black display when different carbon containing nanocomposite are used viscosity increase and sediments. This finding review more about scope of nanocomposite and its morphological structural characterization that make it more suitable in its application.
Synthesis and Properties of Nanocomposites
Advanced Engineering Materials, 2004
Nanocomposites may exhibit new properties of technical interest. Technical applications require many particles, leading to interaction of the particles thwarting the performance of these materials. To exploit specific nano-properties, the use of composites preventing the particles from interaction is necessary. This leads to the application of nanocomposites. The most homogeneous composites consist of a core coated with an outer layer of a second ceramic or a polymer. For industrial or at least semi-industrial production of nanocomposites, a process leading to non-agglomerated powders in a sufficient quantity is needed. Additionally, coating of the particles with either a second ceramic phase or an organic one is necessary. The Karlsruhe Microwave Plasma Process fulfils these conditions.
Applications of nanocomposites
2001
This paper considers examples of how a material nanostructure can influence its properties. The examples covered are grain refiners and secondary phases in commercial wrought Al alloys, devitrified amorphous magnetic Fe alloys, magnetic multilayers for storage media and read/write devices, and 1-D crystals in single walled C nanotubes.
Nano composites are an emerging class of mineral-filed plastics that contain relatively small amounts (<10%) of nanometer-sized clay articles. These mineral significantly enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of the base resin, as well as improve barrier performance and flame retardancy. All of these performance benefits are available without increasing the density or reducing light transmission properties of the base polymer. First developed by Toyota over 10 years ago. Nano composites are just becoming viable commercial product and nylon 6 was the first polymer to be used in the development of Nano composites. Although some reports glorify the discovery of nano composites as revolutionary break thought in science and technology, it should be noted that the basic synthetic concept has been established for many decades.
Physical Properties of Nanocomposites in Relation to Their Advantages
Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers), 2016
Extensive studies have been undertaken to improve dental composites with advances in filler compositions and resin chemistry. The unique nature of the filler particles of nanocomposites provides mechanical strength and wear resistance similar to hybrid composites, and superior polish and gloss retention similar to micro fill composites. The polymerization shrinkage in composites depends on the chemistry of the organic matrix. The flexural strength depends on the filler content and the filler chemistry. The nanometric particles and nanoclusters in the nanocomposites improve mechanical properties such as compressive strength, flexural strengths, and wear resistance of several nanocomposites were as good as those of universal hybrid composites. They provide high esthetics, hence they can provide optimal optical characteristics since the size of the nanometric particle is below the wavelength of light. This is relevant because the size is not measurable by the refractive index that can result in formulations having a broad spectrum of shade and opacity. Nanocomposite denture teeth comprises of polymethylmethacrylate, and uniformly dispersed nano-sized filler particles. Their advantages are:-highly polishable, stain and impact resistant material;-lively surface structure;-superior surface hardness and wear resistance.
The Benefits and Applications of Nanocomposites
2014
The intensification in research of nanostructure materials in recent years has occurred primarily due to their attractive potential, that is mechanical and physical properties significantly improved compared to the conventional grain materials. At the most basic level of common understanding, nanoscience involves the study of materials where some critical property is attributable to an internal structure with at least one dimension less than 100 nanometers. This paper gave a broad definition of nanocomposites, nanofilers, the benefits of nanocomposites, the processing, milestones in nano development, the strengths and limitations, as well as the various applications of nanocomposites. Due to the higher surface area available with nanofillers, polymer nanocomposites offer the potential for enhanced mechanical properties, barrier properties, thermal properties and flame retardant properties when compared to conventionally filled materials. The knowledge of the immense value of nanocom...
2013
The definition of nanocomposites has broadened significantly to encompass a large variety of systems such as one-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-dimensional and amorphous materials, made of distinctly dissimilar components and mixed at the nanometer scale. This research presents a detailed definition of nanocomposites, its origin, classification, properties, benefits, as well as its future. With the proper choice of compatibilizing chemistries, the nanometer-sized clay platelets interact with polymers in unique ways. The paper shows that the application possibilities for packaging include food and non-food films and rigid containers. In the engineering plastics arena, a host of automotive and industrial components can be considered, making use of lightweight, impact, scratch-resistant and higher heat distortion performance characteristics. In plastics the advantages of nanocomposites over conventional ones don't stop at strength. The high heat resistance and low flammability...
Development and characterization of nanocomposite materials
Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2007
In this paper we present the fabrication and characterization of nanocomposite materials based on crystalline nanoparticles dispersed in an oligomer matrix (DGEBA, used in epoxy resin). Two types of nanoparticles are used. Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles, commercially available, allow us to carry out the fabrication process of the nanocomposites. This system (DGEBA + Al 2 O 3) is considered as a reference for the second one based on iron iodate nanoparticles fabricated by co-precipitation. The nanocomposite fabrication process is described. The dispersion step and the problems inherent to clusters destruction are underlined. Iron iodate nanoparticles are characterized by TEM, SEM, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and EDX. Results point out that the nanoparticles have dimensions between 20 and 30 nm and present two different morphologies (ball and needle). Mechanical properties of the nanocomposite based on Al 2 O 3 are explored by Brillouin spectroscopy. An enhancement of the Young's modulus is observed with a very weak mass percentage of nanoparticles (3%), the glass transition is also shifted from 247 K to 251 K. X-ray diffraction measurement on iron iodate nanocomposite demonstrates that nanoparticles remain in the same phase (P6 3) after the nanocomposite preparation process. This result is of great importance in order to achieve piezoelectric and ferroelectric applications.
The field of nanotechnology is one of the most popular areas for current research and development in basically all technical disciplines. The impact of nanotechnologies on individual components and optimized materials will become noticeable in the fields of solar and wind Energy. The rising demand for lightweight and strong materials has prompted leading high-performance composites manufacturers to invest heavily in developing low cost and high strength new materials. After many years of applications, it is interesting to review the present state of a new knowledge of nanocomposite materials for field of nanotechnology. The aim of this paper is to describe and discuss the main directions of their applications.
Fabrication of Polymer NANOCOMPOSITE Material
2015
This paper portrays the various combinations of nanomaterials and matrix materials analysis was made on the various ways of preparing the nano influenced matrix and compositewhich were used to fabricate the nanocomposite laminates.An in-depthpanels. The analysis ranks the 5 types of processes for suitability of use in manufacturing automotive bumper beam based on 6 main selection factors and 12 subfactors. Determining the right manufacturing process was performed based on AHP concept through utilizing Expert Choice software. Fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites offer a range of potential advantages over conventional construction matrial. But present challenges in design and manufacturing. This chapter commences with a discussion on application of polymer composites to illustrate where they may be competitive, and then briefly introduces constitutent materials and composite properties, whereas the bulk of the article covers the most common manufacturing techniques and their cha...
Experimental Investigation of Nano‐ Polymercement Composite
The present research program was carried out to develop a new composite material to be considered for different applications. Hence, the present work concern with the development of a very thin structural element to be used for example, strengthening or rehabilitation of pipe lines for pressurized pipes rather than using polymeric composite materials, construct poles for lighting and wind turbine, manufacturing of underwater turbine blades and even impellers, water tanks and anti‐ bullet protective panels or even anti explosion sheets used in trucks. The development of nano structural element may then be called " nano‐ polymercement ". The parameters considered during the investigation were micro sand, micro cement, nano silica, nano clay, naphthalene sulphonate and nano polymer mesh. In addition, the influence of heating on the compressive strength of nano cement mortar were discussed. It may be concluded that the ductility of nano‐polymercement as developed in the present work which depends on the present of nano cement mortar and nano polymer mesh enables a large deflection to take place with no cracks.
Properties and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites
Handbook of Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, 2014
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Composites Science and Technology, 2005
This paper provides an overview of recent advances in nanocomposites research. The key research opportunities and challenges in the development of structural and functional nanocomposites are addressed in the context of traditional fiber composites. The state of knowledge in processing, characterization, and analysis/modeling of nanocomposites is presented with a particular emphasis on identifying fundamental structure/property relationships. Critical issues in nanocomposites research as well as promising techniques for processing precursors for macroscopic nanocomposites are discussed.