Improving Write-In Candidate Text Entry for Audio-Only Voting Interfaces (original) (raw)

Augmenting Voting Interfaces to Improve Accessibility and Performance

2005

Reading disabled (RD) voters represent approximately 1 in 7 voters. Current electronic voting technologies exhibit substantially different error rates between RD voters and non-RD voters. These error rates are not consistent. For example, full-faced voting systems are better suited for RD individuals, while page-by-page systems are better for non-RD voters. We seek to analyze the differences in the voter’s performance in order to build interfaces that reduce mistakes and errors for both RD and non-RD voters.

Who Does Better with a Big Interface? Improving Voting Performance of Reading for Disabled Voters

2005

This study shows how ballot interfaces variably affect the voting performance of people with different abilities. An interface with all information viewable simultaneously might either help orient or overwhelm a voter, depending on his/her skill-set. Voters with diagnosed reading disabilities performed significantly better on full-faced voting machines than those who demonstrated a high likelihood of similar, but undiagnosed, disabilities. In contrast, the diagnosed group performed worse than others when using standard-sized Direct Recording Electronic (DRE) systems. We suspect that this observed difference in performance is due to the interaction of system features with learned coping techniques, which allow diagnosed reading disabled voters to function effectively in other parts of everyday life. The full-faced system provides a means of orienting but not of guiding the voter, while the standard DRE guides the users through the voting process without giving the voter a means of or...

Who does better with a big interface? Improving Voting Performance of Reading Disabled Voters

2000

This study shows how ballot interfaces variably affect the voting performance of people with different abilities. An interface with all information viewable simultaneously might either help orient or overwhelm a voter, depending on his/her skill-set. Voters with diagnosed reading disabilities performed significantly better on full-faced voting machines than those who demonstrated a high likelihood of similar, but undiagnosed, disabilities. In

Development of a More Universal Voting Interface

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting

Voting systems must be usable by all eligible voters regardless of their skills, abilities, and experiences. However, current voting systems do not provide accessibility to all voters, including those with physical and cognitive limitations. To make voting easier for people with and without disabilities, we developed a universal voting interface that integrates a simplified and flexible ballot design that includes multimodal I/O interfaces. The formative usability study results demonstrate people with various types of disabilities could perform the voting tasks on EZ Ballot using their preferred input. In order to refine the EZ Ballot interface, the study found the specific issues on design such as instruction, selection of candidates, confusion about going back, incorrect gestural interaction, and write-in interface.

Design and Simulation of Text-To-Speech Enabled Electronic Voting Machine

Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences Technology, 2021

Electronic voting machine has received tremendous researches in recent times with improvement in its capabilities. However, most electronic voting machine has limitation in terms of the number of parties it can accommodate and unfriendly to visually impaired persons. This present paper incorporates test-to-speech functionality into the electronic voting as to provide user friendliness to visually impaired persons and also for election announcement. The major component used to achieve this aim are Arduino Mega 2560, SM630 fingerprint scanner, RFID scanner and keypad matrix. This present electronic voting machine met the key requirements of convenience, transparency, flexibility, accuracy, eligibility, uniqueness, auditability, confidence and privacy

Accessible Voting Systems Usability Measures

2014

It is critical that all adults be able to successfully and independently engage in the voting process. In order to ensure that this is possible, individuals with disabilities must be included in usability evaluations of accessible voting systems, and the present paper defines standardized evaluation criteria and benchmarks for including blind, visually impaired, and dexterity limited individuals in testing. While voting accuracy is always the most important measure of any voting system, additional factors disproportionately impact individuals with disabilities, which can make the voting process difficult and painful if not properly controlled. As a result, the authors propose the use of revised Voluntary Voting System Guidelines and Voting Performance Protocol measures for total completion score, voter inclusion index, and perfect ballot index, as well as two new measures, voting time and interactions, to determine whether a system should be considered acceptable for people with dis...

Voice Recognition Systems for The Disabled Electorate: Critical Review on Architectures and Authentication Strategies

Computer Engineering and Applications(CompEng) Journal, 2023

An inevitable factor that makes the concept of electronic voting irresistible is the fact that it offers the possibility of exceeding the manual voting process in terms of convenience, widespread participation, and consideration for People Living with Disabilities. The underlying voting technology and ballot design can determine the credibility of election results, influence how voters felt about their ability to exercise their right to vote, and their willingness to accept the legitimacy of electoral results. However, the adoption of e-voting systems has unveiled a new set of problems such as security threats, trust, and reliability of voting systems and the electoral process itself. This paper presents a critical literature review on concepts, architectures, and existing authentication strategies in voice recognition systems for the e-voting system for the disabled electorate. Consequently, in this paper, an intelligent yet secure scheme for electronic voting systems specifically for people living with disabilities is presented.

V-Authenticate: Voice Authentication System for Electorates Living with Disability

Proceedings of Cyber Secure Nigeria 2019 Conference (CSNC 2019), 2019

Every ethnic, religious, and gender communities have electorates living with disability. They represent approximately 0.15 percent of the world's population roughly one out of every seven. When appropriate mechanism is not in place for such large volume of populace to fully participate in the electoral process, it deters democracy from giving this subset of populace a choice from how they wish to be governed. Electorate voice biometric modality could serve as credential to recognize legitimate voters. The voice recognition process relies on features influenced by the physical attribute of vocal tract and the behavioral features of the individual. Voice biometrics differs from other biometric techniques, in that speech samples are captured dynamically over a period of time. Incorporating technologies like the voice recognition system for authentication for the disabled is a huge step in increasing trust and inclusive participation in the democratic process. In this paper, we present V-authenticate, a voice authentication system to address the issue of valid voter's recognition and verification for the disabled electorate using their voice trait as biometric input parameter. The developed system was evaluated objectively using Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) qualitative metrics. The result of analysis system performance showed an average MSE value of 0.7 and PSNR was 42.9214 decibel showing the consistency of the applied algorithms to authenticate valid electorate living with disability. The system can be adapted by voting authority to enable electorate living with disability to participate in future electronic democratic decision making.

A Listening Keyboard for Users with Motor Impairments—A Usability Study

International Journal of Speech …, 2002

Computer users with motor impairments find it difficult and, in many cases, impossible to access PC functionality through the physical keyboard-and-mouse interface. Studies show that even able-bodied users experience similar difficulties when interacting with mobile devices; this is due to the reduced size/usability of the input interfaces. Advances in speech recognition have made it possible to design speech interfaces for alphanumeric data entry and indirect manipulation (cursor control). Although several related commercial applications exist, such systems do not provide a complete solution for arbitrary keyboard and mouse access, such as the access needed for, say, typing, compiling, and executing a C++ program.

Designing a text entry multimodal keypad for blind users of touchscreen mobile phones

Proceedings of the 16th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers & accessibility - ASSETS '14, 2014

In this report, we share our experience and observations on the challenges blind people face with text entry on touch-based mobile phones, particularly from the perspective of one of the authors, who is blind. To better understand these issues we developed and tested Multimodal Text Input Touchscreen Keypad (MTITK), an audio-tactile text entry prototype based on multitap, which relies on a telephone keypad layout organized into five key groups with distinct audio-tactile feedback. Users explore the screen to identify the current selected key, tap to enter text, and gesture to edit it, while receiving the corresponding voice, audio, and tactile feedback; no additional equipment is necessary in our software-only approach. We implemented a prototype on Android and tested its usability with visually impaired participants; they welcomed its multimodality and the familiar layout, but also expressed the need to increase vibration pattern differentiation and refine the character selection mechanism.