Contamination of Toxic Heavy Metal in Locally Made Plastic Food Packaging Containers (original) (raw)
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Single use plastics are types of plastics discarded after one usage. They are everywhere you go because of their wide range of applications in life. In plastics, additives are incorporated to supplant properties of plastics. One of the common additives is the heavy metals, which could leach out along the plastics lifecycle, thereby creating a problem. This study was stimulated to determine the levels of heavy metals in selected single-use-plastics commonly in contact with food (as containers or wrappings or relations) in Sokoto. The Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy methodology was utilized to determine the levels of copper, chromium, lead, zinc and cadmium. The results for determination of selected heavy metals in selected single use plastics from Sokoto State University, Nigeria were revealed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Therein, the concentrations of copper (Cu) ranges from 0.335+0.002 to 0.540+0.002(ug/kg), levels of cadmium (Cd) ranges from 0.0551+0.003 to 0.0041+0.0003(ug/kg), levels of chromium (Cr) ranges from 0.0959 +0.004 to 0.0265+0.001(ug/kg), levels of lead (Pb) ranges from-1.791+0.02 to-0.0706+0.008(ug/kg). Thus, the results revealed disparity in the levels of the analyzed heavy metals in the selected single use plastics.
The repackaging of locally processed beverage drinks (especially kunu, zobo and soya drink) in already used, discarded and ready to discarded branded plastic containers have become a common practice in most developing countries. Due to poor processing of drinks, sterility of containers and non-adherence to aseptic measures these beverages drink by smallholders, they posed some level of heavy metal contamination. The assessment of the heavy metals was carried out using standard insitu procedures. Results showed that besides iron (0.05 mg/l), other heavy metals like; Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, and Mercury was below the detection limit (i.e. <0.05mg/l). The level of heavy metal contaminants was very low and within the WHO guideline. Based on the findings from the study, the researcher, therefore, conclude that the consumption of locally processed beverage in repackaged branded plastic containers is relatively unsafe.
2022
Background and objectives: The objective of this study is to conduct Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Analysis of selected essential (Cu, and Zn) and non-essential heavy metals (Cr, Cd, and Pb) in selected different single-use plastics that are in contact with food from Sokoto, Nigeria. Methods: The levels/concentrations of heavy metals in plastics were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Findings: Copper levels range of 0.05000.001 to 0.90100.001 (ppm), while zinc levels are in the range of 0.080.04 to 2.050.06(ppm) among all the single-use plastics observed. Ice cream has highest copper 0.90100.001 (ppm), takeaway has lowest copper 0.05000.001. Straw has highest zinc 2.050.06 (ppm) and bottle has lowest zinc 0.080.04 ppm. Lead concentrations are in the range of 0.07000.001 ppm to 1.60000.02; with bottle having the highest level (1.60000.02 ppm), and straw (S) with lowest level (0.07000.001 ppm) Cadmium is lowest (0.00400.002 ppm) in bottle and highest (0.00950.0003 ppm) in ice cream. Chromium is lowest (0.06000.001 ppm) in ice cream and highest (0.09500.003 ppm) in straw. Lowest chromium level was determined as 0.06000.001 ppm in ice cream, and highest level (0.5400.003 ppm) was determined in bottle. Conclusion: There are noticeable higher levels of non-essential heavy metals (Pb, and Cr) in the plastics observed. There is concern because, chronic accumulation or leaching into foods can occur and harm all the organisms in the ecosystem.
Assessment of heavy metals in food and drug packaging materials
F1000Research
Background: Food and drug packaging materials are an integral part of our everyday life. Noxious elements can inadvertently be included in packaging materials in various stages of their production. Adulterants, adhesives, colorants and heavy metal interference are the common sources of contamination in food packaging materials. Heavy metal toxicity has far-reaching ill effects on living organisms. The present study aimed at qualitatively and quantitatively analysing heavy metal contamination of various materials that are used for food and drug packaging in India. Methods: The qualitative detection was done by rapid assay and heavy metals were quantified with the help of inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). A total of 13 types of food and drug packaging materials were procured from local market and analysed for four heavy metals viz. arsenic (As), vanadium (V), mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd). The concentration of each heavy metal in the samples was comp...
Assessment of heavy metal contamination in plastic disposable cups frequently used in Lucknow
Human exposure to environmental heavy metals continues to be a major health concern. The main objectives of this study was to monitor the heavy metals concentration in the leachates of plastic d i s p o s a b l e c u p s o f t e n d i f f e r e n t b r a n d s (l o c a l l y m a d e) w h i c h w e r e f r e q u e n t l y u s e d i n L u c k n o w , U.P.(India), in different simulating conditions i.e. double distilled water, ethanol (8%), acetic Acid (3%), sodium Chloride (0.9%) and sodium Carbonate (5%) at 25±2°C for 24 hrs (ambient conditions), 60±2°C for 2hrs (elevated conditions) and 04±1 o C for 72 hrs (refrigerated conditions). The result showed that the leaching of heavy metals in all samples of plastic disposable cups were below than the permissible limits i.e. (1ppm) except Cd which is (0.01 ppm).
African Journal of Chemical Education, 2017
Plastic bottles and sachets for water packaging manufactured from 3 different factories in Minna, Niger State of Nigeria were collected and analyzed to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co, Cd, Pb and Ni) in them. The plastics are categorized as virgin and used plastics. The plastics were first processed by dry ashing and then digested with analar grade HNO3 in accordance with CPSC-CH-E 1002-08 method. Thereafter, the samples were quantitatively analyzed using AAS. The total mean and the standard deviation of the concentration of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co, and Ni in all the virgin plastic bottles are given as: 18.3±0.86 μg/g, 333.3±1.47μg/g, 8.3±0.68 μg/g, 889.2±1.98μg/g, 72.0±0.10μg/g and 2.5±0.10 μg/g, respectively. The total mean and the standard deviation of the levels of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb in the virgin plastic sachets are: 53.3±1.19μg/g, 1150.8±3.08μg/g, 206.7±2.80μg/g, 1048.3±1.91μg/g and 630.0±0.83μg/g, respectively. Cd and Pb were not detected in the...
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2012
Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy methodology was developed to characterize the hazardous and other inorganic trace element constituents in new and used domestic plastic food containers. INAA due to its non destructive, highly sensitive, multielement and low detection limits characteristics was found to be a good technique for the characterization of polymeric products. Through the variation of irradiation, cooling and counting protocols Al, V and Zn were determined, while Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was used as complementary technique to quantify toxic inorganic elements such as Cd, Pb and Cu. These elements are thought to originate from the polymer manufacturing processes. It was found that there was gradual increase in the concentration of most of these elements from new to used plastic samples. Moreover it was also observed that these inorganic elements are present in higher concentrations in the lower grade containers as compared to the high quality containers. It was also observed that the good quality containers even with the long usage do not degrade to such an extent as the low quality containers.
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.7\_Issue.3\_March2017/IJHSR\_Abstract.039.html, 2017
Introduction: Plastics have become an integral part of life. Their usage pattern in daily life in sectors such as furniture, house wares, mechanical, engineering, aviation, floor sheet, lamination, biomedical etc. Improper disposal and use of recycled plastic products are significant source of environmental pollution, Packaging material has many toxic heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury etc. that contaminates the environment and cause public health problem. Objectives: The study was done on the physical state, odour, clarity of leachate, chemical characteristics of the plastic samples. To estimate the presence of heavy metals content like cadmium, chromium, iron, arsenic, Materials and methods: A detailed study of heavy metals in virgin and recycled plastic was conducted by using SEM/EDX Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Ten samples of virgin plastics were collected from 4 zones of Lucknow district. Analysis of Functional Groups was done by FTIR. Result: Cadmium was found in both virgin as well as recycled plastics in amount of 0.11-0.43 ppm. The maximum amount of Cr was 0.1 ppm and minimum was 0.01 ppm. Iron ranges from 0.02 ppm-2.4 ppm and the maximum amount of arsenic was found to be 0.98 ppm and minimum was 0.03 ppm. Conclusion: Based on our study, we can conclude that the recycled plastics products are not recommended for use in product intend to come in contact with foodstuff.
A Regional Approach For Health Risk Assessment of Toxicants in Plastic Food Containers
2021
Plastic food containers are being used popularly, generating a waste of about 115 million tons in Vietnam. Such waste is causing environmental and health issues. This study conducted a field survey with 309 local people and selected 59 samples out of 135 plastic food containers collected in Go Vap district, Vietnam. Collected plastic samples identified compositions were PET 13.6 %, PP 28.8 %, PS 16.9 %, and 40.7 % X. Although most people are aware of the toxicity of plastics, plastics are still widely used due to their convenience and price with easy use and purchase. Collected plastic samples were classified based on the plastic type using recycling code and quantitatively analyzed with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy method to assess concentrations of Cd, Sb, Pb, Hg, Sn, Cr, Br, Cl, and S. Most of these collected plastic samples (91.5 %) were found to contain 8/9 hazardous substances and most elements contained in these plastics were below their standard thresholds. However, eleme...
Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2001
Closed microwave digestion and a high-pressure asher have been evaluated for wet-oxidation and extraction of lead, cadmium, chromium, and mercury from a range of typical packaging materials used for food products. For the high-pressure asher a combination of nitric and sulfuric acids was efficient for destruction of a range of packaging materials; for polystyrene, however, nitric acid alone was more efficient. For microwave digestion, a reagent containing nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrogen peroxide was used for all materials except polystyrene. Use of the high-pressure asher resulted in the highest recoveries of spiked lead (median 92%), cadmium (median 92%), chromium (median 97%), and mercury (median 83%). All samples were spiked before digestion with 40 µg L-1 Cd, Cr, and Pb and 8 µg L-1 Hg in solution. The use of indium as internal standard improved the accuracy of results from both ICP-MS and ICP-AES. Average recovery of the four elements from spiked packaging materials was 92 ± 14% by ICP-MS and 87 ± 15% (except for mercury) by ICP-AES. For mercury analysis by CVAAS, use of tin(II) chloride as reducing agent resulted in considerably better accuracy than use of sodium borohydride reagent.