Machine Learning Identifies Stool pH as a Predictor of Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Multiethnic US Adults (original) (raw)

2021, The Journal of Nutrition

Background A variety of modifiable and nonmodifiable factors such as ethnicity, age, and diet have been shown to influence bone health. Previous studies are usually limited to analyses focused on the association of a few a priori variables or on a specific subset of the population. Objective Dietary, physiological, and lifestyle data were used to identify directly modifiable and nonmodifiable variables predictive of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy US men and women using machine-learning models. Methods Ridge, lasso, elastic net, and random forest models were used to predict whole-body, femoral neck, and spine BMC and BMD in healthy US men and women ages 18–66 y, with a BMI (kg/m2) of 18–44 (n = 313), using nonmodifiable anthropometric, physiological, and demographic variables; directly modifiable lifestyle (physical activity, tobacco use) and dietary (via FFQ) variables; and variables approximating directly modifiable behavior (circulating 25-hyd...

Machine Learning Approaches for the Prediction Bone Mineral Density by using genomic and phenotypic data of 5,130 older Men

2020

BackgroundThe study aimed to utilize machine learning (ML) approaches and genomic data to develop the prediction model for bone mineral density (BMD), and to identify the best modeling approach for BMD prediction.MethodThe genomic and phenotypic data of Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (n=5,130), was analyzed. Genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated from 1,103 associated SNPs for each participant after a comprehensive genotype imputation. Data were normalized and divided into a training set (80%) and a validation set (20%) for analysis. Random forest, gradient boosting, neural network, and linear regression were used to develop prediction models for BMD separately. The 10-fold cross-validation was used for hyperparameter optimization. Mean square error and mean absolute error were used to assess model performance. Results: When using GRS and phenotypic covariates as the predictors, the performance of all ML models and linear regression in BMD prediction is similar. However, when ...

Predictive Ability of Machine-Learning Methods for Vitamin D Deficiency Prediction by Anthropometric Parameters

Mathematics, 2022

Background: Vitamin D deficiency affects the general population and is very common among elderly Europeans. This study compared different supervised learning algorithms in a cohort of Spanish individuals aged 35–75 years to predict which anthropometric parameter was most strongly associated with vitamin D deficiency. Methods: A total of 501 participants were recruited by simple random sampling with replacement (reference population: 43,946). The analyzed anthropometric parameters were waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body roundness index (BRI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and the Clinical University of Navarra body adiposity estimator (CUN-BAE) for body fat percentage. Results: All the anthropometric indices were associated, in males, with vitamin D deficiency (p < 0.01 for the entire sample) after controlling for possible confounding factors, except for CUN-BAE, which was the only parameter that showed a correlation in females. C...

Dietary acid load, trabecular bone integrity, and mineral density in an ageing population: the Rotterdam study

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2017

We studied the relation between a diet that is high in acid-forming nutrients (e.g. proteins) and low in base-forming nutrients (e.g. potassium) and bone structure. We showed a negative relation, which was more prominent if proteins were of animal rather than of vegetable origin and if intake of dietary fibre was high. Studies on dietary acid load (DAL) and fractures have shown inconsistent results. Associations between DAL, bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone integrity might play a role in these inconsistencies and might be influenced by renal function and dietary fibre intake. Therefore, our aim was to study (1) associations of DAL with BMD and with the trabecular bone score (TBS) and (2) the potential influence of renal function and dietary fibre in these associations. Dutch individuals aged 45 years and over (n = 4672) participating in the prospective cohort of the Rotterdam study were included. Based on food frequency questionnaires, three indices of DAL were calcula...

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