Lončar, Maja; Ostroški Anić, Ana: Eponymous medical terms as a source of terminological variation (original) (raw)

Terminological collocations in (czech) medical texts

Hermēneus. Revista de Traducción e Interpretación, 2006

In a brief survey of the theoretical description presented in Czech linguistics to date, as well as on the basis of excerpts from contemporary written specialized medical texts in confrontation with specialized medical (explanatory and translation) dictionaries, this contribution outlines the problems and typology of multiple-word terms (and collocations generally). Through the differentiation of specialized collocations in the vocabulary and in the text (with a personal proposal for terminological differentiation of both instances) we have characterized the present state of Czech terminology and specialized communication with our focus on Czech medical terminology (with an indication of a confrontational and historical approach). Analysis has confirmed that, as a source of contemporary dynamics of terminology, internationalization of terminology is also playing an ever greater part, along with the actual development of scientific understanding.

Some issues of English medical terminography in the context of English globalization

Сучасні дослідження з іноземної філології, 2019

The research suggests the list of the most critical problems in medical terminography, such as, difficulties in the identification of terms, polysemy and synonymy, a great quantity of abbreviations, rapid expansion of the terminological field of medicine. The approach used consists in the analysis of the definitions of English medical terms in medical dictionaries widely used in Ukraine. The study of the theoretical literature and the results of the empirical research show, that the following aspects as adequacy (compliance of the meaning of the term with the modern scientific knowledge); accuracy (sound and semantic accuracy without doublets in microterminosystem); unambiguity (unified structural and semantic model); unification of terms representation should be central in improving lexicographical practice in the field of medical terminography. The identification of medical terms needs the specification of theoretical and clinical medicine at macro-, micro-and sub-microsystems levels. The work makes the attempt to identify these critical issues with focus on the problem of synonymy. To evince the state of the art in this area, we studied dictionary articles in which terms comprising the synonymic set "damage": disorder, disturbance, hurt, impairment, injury, are defined. These and other issues are evident to the dictionary compilers. In different attempt to solve them, lexicographers resort to the incorporation of Медична термінографія в сукупності має розглядатися, як складна динамічна система, що розвивається в контексті глобальних процесів у галузі медицини і відповідно до лінгвістичної теорії. Ключові слова: англомовна медична термінологія, медична спільнота, медичні довідники, словники, терміносистема, синонімія, семантичний аналіз.

English and Latin Corpora of Medical Terms – A Comparative Study

Abstract: Our study is based on comparison of the terminological corpora of medicine in English and Latin. English medical terms (anatomical and clinical) are studied from confrontational and contrastive viewpoints. Terminological units are studied from descriptive, semantic and partially also from historical aspects. Comparative analysis of two languages in the field of terminology has shown that language similarities and differences in English and Latin terminological corpora have an impact on the practice and theory of terminology. Results show not only morphological and semantic shifts, but also historical development in some terms of the studied corpus based on codified medical handbooks and dictionaries. The studied corpus contains approx. 7,000 terms used in classes of Latin medical terminology in medical students. Contrastive linguistics can be useful for the teaching e.g. of English-Latin medical terminology. Medical terms derived from classical languages present another “foreign” language (specifically its vocabulary and grammar rules). In medical language, a high number of English medical terms are equivalents of Latin ones in terms of their semantic and partially also morphological aspects. English is a language historically and culturally linked with Latin. Emphasis of differences can serve to evoke interest in medical students. Keywords: contrastive linguistics, English/Latin corpora, medical terminology

The Terminological Nomen in Clinical Terminology – Nomination, Denotation and Something More

2019

Clinical terms constitute the biggest part of the medical terminology. Their vast number and variety as well as the dynamic overall development of the clinical sphere of medicine, make it difficult to assess, systematize and use them correctly. Understanding the mechanism of formation of these clinical terms requires excellent knowledge and understanding of this part of terminology both from a synchronic and diachronic perspective. In principle when it comes to terminological nomination, the same methods (lexico-morphological, lexico-semantic and lexico-syntactic) are used as in linguistic nomination. But when medical terms are concerned and especially the ones related to clinical studies, there exists a very significant difference in relation to the other spheres of terminology. The terminological nominations are constructed with the help of term formation methods of two languages – Latin and Old Greek due to the birth and development of Medicine in the historical context of Ancien...

Abbreviations in English Medical Terminology and their Adaptation to Croatian

The research presents results of classifications and analyses of alphabethisms, acronyms and their hybrid forms on a limited corpus of the English medical terms. Alphabethisms and acronyms were classified according to two criteria: narrower and broader sense, and their differences in orthographic formation were described by a set of specific descriptors. This kind of description, classification and analysis was used in examining the corpus of both English and Croatian medical terms. In the analysis of orthographic adaptation of English alphabethisms to Croatian, three degrees of their adaptation were suggested: zero orthographic change, partial/compromise adaptation and complete adaptation. Substitution and adaptation on the orthographic level is tentatively named transgraphemization.

English medical terminology - different ways of forming medical terms

In medical terminology, two completely different phenomena can be seen: 1. precisely worked-out and internationally standardised anatomical nomenclature and 2. quickly developing non-standardised terminologies of individual clinical branches. While in the past new medical terms were mostly formed morphologically by means of derivation and composition from Latin and Greek word-forming components, nowadays it is the syntactic method which prevails -the forming of terminological compounds that subsequently turn into abbreviations. Besides the most frequent ways of term formation, there are also some marginal ways, the results of which are acronyms, backcronyms, eponyms, toponyms, mythonyms etc. To understand the meaning of these rather rare medical terms requires us to become familiar with their etymology and motivation. In our paper we will take a look at individual ways of word-formation with focus on marginal procedures.

Rendering Etymological Variation Of Medical Terminology

This article explores the problem of rendering etymological variation of medical terminology. Its findings are based on the comparative analysis of the original and translated versions of “The Physician” by N. Gordon (translated into Russian by Vladimir Polyakov). The aim of the present study is to corroborate the hypothesis that the etymology of medical terms’ translation correspondences is a prerequisite defining the adequacy of the target text. Resorting to the etymological variation, by contrast, denotes the SL (source language) or TL (target language) bias of the translation strategy. To achieve this aim, we used the following methods: descriptive statistical analysis of terminological units in order to assess their etymological correspondence to the original units, distributional analysis of the translation techniques and procedures with a statistical analysis of their frequency. Results of the study suggest that the medical terminology is rendered by borrowings (34.65%) more often than by terminological variants signaling communicative translation procedure (28.71%). The footnotes, manifestations of the amplification strategy (22.78%), and calques (13.86%) are used to ensure understanding of the target audience. This distribution of techniques and procedures reveals a predominant SL bias of the translation. Key words: etymological variation, medical terminology, translation strategies, translation procedures, SL bias, TL bias.

Cases of Synonymy and Antonymy in the Latin Medical Terminological System

Ezikov Svyat volume 21 issue 2

One of the most significant traits of terminology is its consistency. Each term may be perceived as an entity with bilateral nature: 1. A unity of meaning and form; 2. An entity from the natural language subject to the same phenomena and processes, which are valid for all language units. Synonymy and antonymy result from the ambiguous relation between the form and meaning of the term; unfortunately, they cannot be avoided – even in specialized terminological systems. Since scientific terminology is intended for specific purposes, it is based on the convention regarding the structuring and usage of linguistic forms and their meanings more than any other lexical subsystem. The research object of the present text is the cases of synonymy and antonymy found in the Latin medical terminology as well as the reasons for their appearance. Such lexical relations are observed between lexemes, between a lexeme and a phraseological unit, and between phraseological units.The examples provided are...