Phytochemical and antiemetic studies on aqueous ethanol extract of the root of Senna occidentalis (L.) link (original) (raw)
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COMPARATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ALL PARTS OF WILD BY USING ETHANOLIC EXTRACT
Medicinal plants besides therapeutic agents are also a big source of information for a wide variety of chemical constituents which could be developed as drugs with precise selectivity. reservoirs of potentially useful chemical compounds which could serve as newer leads an modern drug design (constituents of plants are alkaloids, tannins, fla Correlation between the phytoconstituents and the bioactivity of plant is desirable to know for the synthesis of compounds with specific activities to treat various health ailment well (Pandey phytochemical screening of plants is the need of the hour in order to discover and develop novel therapeutic agents with improved efficacy. The present study deals with phytochemical tests of C. Paniculatus in presence of ethanolic extracts.
Pharmacological activities of selected plant species and their phytochemical analysis
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2012
In this study, four plants [Chrozophora hierosolymitana Spreng (Euphorbiaceae), Ephedra gerardiana Wall. ex Stapf (Ephedraceae), Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. (Astraceae), and Quercus dilatata L. (Fegaceae)] collected from different regions of Pakistan were screened to identify any chemotherapeutic agents present in them. Seven methanol extracts of these plants (leaf, stem, and root extracts of C. hierosolymitana; stem and root extracts of E. gerardiana; aerial parts of C. leucanthemum, and aerial parts of Q. dilatata) were examined for cytotoxicity using brine shrimp assay, antitumor activity using potato disc assay, and phytotoxicity activity using radish seed bioassay. Two methanol plant extracts, that is, leaf extract of C. hierosolymitana and root extract of E. gerardiana showed significant brine shrimp cytotoxicity activity ranging from 171.55 to 523.8 ppm. Six of the seven extracts exhibited tumor inhibition at all the three concentrations tested, ranging from 10 to 80%. All extracts showed growth and seed germination inhibition at high concentration against radish seeds, while two extracts (root extract of C. hierosolymitana and aerial parts of Q. dilatata) showed growth stimulating effects at lower concentrations. Phytochemical tests showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, anthraquinones, terpenoids, flavonoids, flavones, tannins, phlobatannins, and cardiac glycosides in different concentrations in these extracts.
In this study, some neurological effects of the 70% ethanolic stem bark extract (CB) of Cussonia bancoensis, Aubrev and Pellgr, (Araliaceae) were investigated in mice using various models. The effect of CB on the central nervous system (CNS) was studied using changes in general behavioural profiles (Irwin's test), tail flick test, potentiation of pentobarbitone induced sleep and effect on convulsion threshold in mice. Administration of doses between 100 and 3000 mg/kg body weight showed marked reduction in spontaneous activity, decreased response to touch and pain, moderate loss of balance, presence of ptosis and sedation. There was no mortality recorded after 24 and 48 h of administration of a maximum dose of 3000 mg/kg body weight. The study has shown that the stem bark extract at doses between 300 and 3000 mg/kg body weight has a dose -dependent sedative effect. This was observed as a reduction of locomotor activity and marked potentiation of pentobarbitone induced sleep onset and duration in mice. The ethanolic extract of C. bancoensis (CB) also significantly increased latency to tail withdrawal at 54 ±1 ºC in a dose dependent manner. Effect of CB extract on the onset and duration of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizures was however insignificant. Based on these results, the traditional use of C. bancoensis in the management of pain and its ability to induce dizziness and sedation are justified. This observation may be attributed to the presence of plant secondary metabolites such as saponins and tripterpenoids which tested positive in the preliminary phytochemical screening of the powdered stem bark.
2018
This study serves to explore the chemical constituents of Azadirachta indica and Mangifera indica as a possible alternative sources of conventional antibiotics. Ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica and Mangifera indica stem bark were analysed for their chemical constituents. Phytochemical values for (Tannins, Oxalate, Phytate, Terpenoids, Trypsin inhibitor, Total Phenol, Total Carotenoids, Total Carotene Carotenes, Xanthophyll, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Saponins and Antioxidant (DPPH Scanvenger) were revealed. The result were subjected to Studentized T-test as contained in SAS (1999). The result showed that all secondary metabolites analyzed were present in the bark of the two plant species studied but at different concentrations. The concentration of Tannin (1510.00 mg/kg), Oxalate (139.20 mg/kg), Phytate (15.55 mg/kg), Trypsin inhibitor (730.00 mg/kg), Flavonoids (78.50) and Saponins (17.71%) contents of Mango stem bark were found to be more than in Azadirachta indica. However, A...
PHARMACOLOGY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AND NATURAL PRODUCTS
time, probably by stimulation of the hepatic microsomal enzyme system 3 . Similar properties were exhibited by its roots. However, the petroleum ether extract (PEE) of the roots enhanced pentobarbitone sleeping time, probably due to CNS depression 4 . The PEE of the seed of Pongomia pinnata was further tested for nootropic activity in an experimental model of Alzheimer's disease (created by ibotenic acid induced lesioning of nuclear basalis magnocellularis). It reversed both, the cognitive deficits and the reduction in cholinergic markers after 2 weeks of treatment. Reversal of perturbed cholinergic function appears to be the possible mechanism 5 .
The Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Nutritional Biochemistry and Uses of Some Common Medicinal Plants
UNESCO-EOLSS, 2021
This chapter dwells on the commonly used medicinal plants and the active compounds (the phytochemicals) which are often the basis for their medicinal, pharmaceutical, and food applications. Modern and traditional trends in medicine now turn towards using the active compounds in these plants without using whole plants. These active compounds are mainly the phytochemicals which are grouped into alkaloids, terpenes, polyphenols, and glycosides. Understanding the biochemistry of these active compounds is key to having a basic understanding of their role in modern and traditional medicines. Traditional medicine remains in use and accepted as desired primary healthcare system in several communities around the globe, with over 80% in developing countries and about 60% of the global population directly depending on the medicinal plants and herbs for their medical treatment and health purposes. Many parts of plants are applied to return health anomalies to normal, relieve symptoms, and/or avoid illness. The plants contain bioactive phytochemicals. Alkaloids have pharmaceutical properties, including as anticancer, antiasthma, and antimalarial. The characteristics and level of phenol structures in polyphenolic compounds determine the exclusive biological and physicochemical properties of exact polyphenols; for example, tannic acid and ellagitannin. Plants usually have mixtures of polyphenolic compounds and related phytochemicals. Several extracts of polyphenols, including those from olive pulp, grape seeds, grape skin, and maritime pines, have been made available as recipes for functional food, pharmaceutical products, as well as dietetic supplementation. Terpenes were brought to public spotlight by the development and edification of recreational and medical cannabis. Terpene and terpenoid are basic components of essential oil from several flowering plants broadly applied as scents/fragrance in modern and traditional medicines, including aromatherapy. Several glycosides from plants have medicinal and therapeutical effects. Pharmacologically active phytochemicals have useful applications and safety concerns.
Phytochemical Constituents of some Medicinal Plants
In this study, five medicinal plants materials were analysed in order to investigate the presence of phytochemicals and to determine amount of tannin, glucosides, hydrogen cyanide, steroid, soluble carbohydrate, flavonoid and alkaloid in the five selected medicinal plants. The five test plant materials were Azadirachta indica leaves, Garcinia cola seeds, Zingiber officinale stem, Gongronema latifolia leaves and Carica papaya leaves. Phytochemical analysis done on Azadirachta indica A Juss, Garcinia cola Henkel, Zingiber officinale Rose, Gongronema latifolia L. and Carica papaya L. revealed the presence of tannin, soluble carbohydrate, hydrogen cyanide, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids as well as glucosides in all the extracts tested. It also showed the levels of tannin, soluble carbohydrate, hydrogen cyanide, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids and glucosides in the