The Pronunciation of Final Clusters of the Type -tr in Polish (original) (raw)
Voicing profile of Polish sonorants:[r] in obstruent clusters
… Annual Conference of …, 2009
This study aims at defining and analyzing voicing profile of Polish sonorant [r] showing the variability of its realizations depending on segmental and prosodic position. Voicing profile is defined as the frame-by-frame voicing status of a speech sound in continuous speech. Word-final devoicing of sonorants is shortly reviewed and analyzed in terms of the conducted corpus-based investigation. We used automatic tools to extract consonants' features, F0 values and obtain voicing profile. The results show that liquid [r] devoice word and syllable finally, particularly with left voiceless stop context.
The study of Polish phonotactics: Measures of phonotactic preferability
Studies in Polish Linguistics
The goal of this paper is to investigate Polish phonotactics from the point of view of different measures of phonotactic preferability. The inventory of word-initial and-final clusters is extracted from a dictionary and analysed in accordance with two principles of phonotactic complexity, namely, the Sonority Sequencing Generalisation and Net Auditory Distance. Sonority entails measurements of distances between consonants expressed by the manner of articulation, whereas NAD uses the manner of articulation, place of articulation as well as the obstruent/sonorant distinction. These differences are likely to contribute to a different assessment of clusters, which is the main focus of this paper. Moreover, since a set of Polish clusters arise due to morphology, a distinction is drawn between phonotactic and morphonotactic clusters, i.e. phonologically and morphologically motivated. We are interested in verifying to what extent the principles under investigation reflect the relation between cluster preferability and morphological complexity. The analysis shows that NAD, as a more restrictive measure of phonotactics, rejects a larger portion of word-initial and-final clusters on well-formedness grounds. Secondly, we demonstrate that both principles generally show a strong relation between cluster preferability and morphological complexity. Keywords consonant clusters, morphological boundaries, phonotactic preferability, Polish Streszczenie Celem niniejszej pracy jest zbadanie polskiej fonotaktyki z punktu widzenia różnych modeli preferencyjności. Inwentarz zbitek spółgłoskowych występujących na początku i na końcu słowa został wyekstrahowany ze słownika oraz zanalizowany na podstawie założeń Zasady Sonorności oraz Zasady Audiodystansu Netto. Zasada Sonorności określa dystanse między spółgłoskami na podstawie sposobu artykulacji, podczas gdy Zasada Audiodystansu Netto bierze pod uwagę dystanse w sposobie i miejscu artykulacji oraz pomiędzy obstruentami a sonorantami. Ponadto znaczna część zbitek spółgłoskowych w języku polskim jest wynikiem działania morfologii. Drugim celem jest zatem zbadanie stopnia zależności między preferencyjnością zbitek a ich morfologiczną strukturą. Analiza pokazuje, że Zasada Audiodystansu Netto, jako bardziej restrykcyjna miara, odrzuca większą grupę zbitek. Obie zasady natomiast potwier
1990
Polish ar.d English phonological systems differ considerably in terms of vowel-consonant relationship. Polish is a syllable timed language with no phonemic vowel duration distinction and an obli gatory rule of word final consonant devoicing1. The word final con sonant devoicing rule is traditionally believed to be neutrali zing, i.e., suspending contrast, which excludes the possibility of vowel duration use as a cue for the underlying voicing of the following word final consonant by native speakers of Polish. Al though the neutralizing statue of the rule has been questioned by Slowiaczek and Dinnsen [1985], we shall accept the assumption of complete neutralization in Polish word final consonants as valid for the purpose of comparison with English; further discus sion of this issue will follow the presentation of the data. Native speakers of English regularly employ the vowel duration cue for distinguishing voicing in word final consonants, although other temporal acoustic param...
Insertion of vowels in English syllabic consonantal clusters pronounced by L1 Polish speakers
Open Linguistics
The aim of this study was an attempt to verify whether Polish speakers of English insert a vowel in the word-final clusters containing a consonant and a syllabic /l/ or /n/ due to the L1–L2 transfer. L1 Polish speakers are mostly unaware of the existence of syllabic consonants; hence, they use the Polish phonotactics and articulate a vocalic sound before a final sonorant which is deprived of its syllabicity. This phenomenon was examined among L1 Polish speakers, 1-year students of English studies, and the recording sessions were repeated a year later. Since, over that time, they were instructed with regard to phonetics and phonology but also the overall practical language learning, the results demonstrated the occurrence of the phenomenon of vowel insertion on different levels of advanced command of English. If the vowels were inserted, their quality and length were monitored and analysed. With regard to the English system, pronouncing vowel /ə/ before a syllabic consonant is possib...
Sonority effects in the production of fricative + sonorant clusters in polish
Lingua Posnaniensis, 2015
This paper presents the results of a phonetic study on the occurrence of transition elements in Polish fricative + nasal clusters. A n acoustic study was carried out using the CSL system, with simultaneous observation of the waveform, spectrograph, glottal waveform and glottal pulses. T he results reveal differences in glottal activity depending on place of articulation of the fricative and in its duration with respect to the extent of glottal vibration. Differences in the glottal activity pattern and the transition elements between the fricative and the nasal were also observed. In the fricative-nasal limit three phenomena were found: a voiceless interval, a voiced interval and the absence of any transition element. It was also observed that the occurrence and the characteristics of the transition interval depend on the place of articulation of the fricative
On the Shapes of the Polish Word: Phonotactic Complexity and Diversity
Studia Anglica Posnaniensia
The aim of this contribution is to identify the dominant shapes of the Polish word with reference to three criteria: cluster complexity (i.e., cluster size), saturation (the number of clusters in a word), and diversity (in terms of features of consonant description). The dominant word shape is understood as the most frequent or typical skeletal pattern, expressed by means of alternations or groupings of Cs (consonants) and Vs (vowels), e.g., CVCCV etc., or by means of specific features (of place, manner, voice, and the sonorant/obstruent distinction). Our work focuses on 2 aspects of Polish phonotactics: (1) the relation between cluster complexity and saturation of words with clusters, (2) the degrees of diversity in features of place, manner, and voice within clusters. Using corpus data, we have established that only 4.17% of word shapes have no clusters. The dominant word shape for a one-cluster word is CVCCVCV. The most frequent scenario for a word shape is to contain two cluster...
On the (non-)recursivity of the prosodic word in Polish
ZAS papers in linguistics, 2000
The present paper investigates the relationship between the morphological word and the prosodie word in Polish sequences consisting of proclitics and lexical words. Let us start by examining the placement of primary and secondary stresses in the phrases given in (1) in careful Polish.! Stressed syllables are marked below by capitalizing the appropriate vowels: (I) a. pO after polowAniu hunting.loc.sg 'after the hunting' b. dIA nieszczt(snlka for wretch.gen.sg 'for the/a wretched person' In (2) the phrases from (l) are represented as sequences of feet. The digit I stands for the primary stress and 2 for secondary (or tertiary) stresses (as in Kraska-Szlenk 1995 or Rubaeh and Booij 1985). Polish words have penultimate stress, i.e. a prosodie word (henceforth PW d) has a prominent trochaic foot at the right edge. 2 Following McCarthy and Prince (1993) and Selkirk (1995), I assurne that feet are binary and that some unstressed syllables remain unparsed, i.e.-10in (2a) and-szczes-in (2b). (2) a. (2 0) 0 (1 0) b. (2 0) o (I 0) po po 10 wa niu (=Ia) dIa me szezt(s ni ka (= 1 b) The monosyllabie preposition and the initial syllable of the host in eaeh phrase in (2) form a foot. MeCarthy and Prince (1993:129) assert that '[b]y the Prosodie Hierarehy, no foot can , This is a revised version of the talk given at the workshop 'Das Wort in der Phonologie' during the 22"d meeting of the Linguislic Associalion of Germany (DGfS) in Marburg in March 2000. I would like to express my gratitude to the participants of thc workshop for their questions and remarks, and to thc editors of the present volume for their help in preparing the final version of the manuscript. I am particularly indebted to GraZyna Rowicka and Marzena Rochon for reading carefully an earlier version of the paper. I would also like to thank Geert Booij and Gienek Cyran for their comments. I am alone responsible for any remaining eITors. 1 Thc phrases quoted hefe from Polish occur in their standard orthographie; form. Thc letter 'w' is used to represent a voiced labiodental fricative (i.e. the sound transcribed as [vJ in IPA transcription). The letter 'I' represents a labia-velar semivowel (i.c. [w] in IPA transcription) and 'j' stands a palatal semivowel. The digraph 'eh' is used for a voiceless velar fricative [xl. The digraphs 'cz' and 'dt' stand for post-alveolar affricates (voieeless and voiced, respeetively). Dental-alveolar affrieates are represented in spelling as 'c' (voiceless) and 'dz' (voiced). Post-alveolar tricalives are spelIed 'sz' (voiceless) and 'z' (voiced, with the variant spelling being 'rz'). Prepalatal equivalents of dental-alveolar and post-alveolar consonants are represented as sequences of such consonants and the letter 'i' (e.g. 'i', 'zi') or as the symbols 's', 't', 'c', 'dt' and 'TI'. The letter 'y' stands for a high central vowel. Nasal vowels are spelIed ''I' (back) and ',' (front). 2 A useful discussion of stress pattern in Polish can be found in Hayes (1995).
The acquisition of consonant clusters in Polish: a case study
The Emergence of Phonology
This paper examines the phonological processes affecting consonant clusters in the speech of a child acquiring Polish (1;5-1;9). Word-initial, word-medial and word-final clusters are discussed, and compared to word-initial singleton consonants in the data. The nature of the processes, as well as the wide range of variability within the child"s system, lead to the conclusion that articulation, attention and word-based processing are the main factors affecting the child"s production.
Vowel hiatus at Polish word boundaries - phonetic realization and phonological implications
This paper presents an acoustic phonetic study of Polish V#V sequences designed to shed light on the phonological representation of glottal marking. Independent phonological evidence from Polish suggests that initial vowels contain an 'empty onset' that may be realized as glottal marking. The results of the experiment suggest that glottal marking in Polish is quite robust, and may be realized by increases in spectral balance. In the On-20 set Prominence environment, the 'empty onset' is derived from phonetic principles, realized as specification for the Vocalic Onset layer of structure. VO parameter settings capture important ambiguities in speech perception and allow for a unified analysis of glottal marking, distributional restrictions on Polish vowels, and ambiguities underlying palatalization processes.
Syllabic patterns in South-Eastern Europe
Slavia Meridionalis, 2015
Syllabic patterns in South-Eastern EuropeWhereas in most of the world’s languages syllable patterns are built according to the principles of sonority theory (they have the one-peak syllable pattern), in some Balkan languages, there occur deviations from the one-peak syllable pattern of a systemic nature. Such deviations occur also in the northern Slavic languages. They mainly concern the distribution of nasal consonants and appear either in the onset (Albanian) or coda (Romanian). At the very south of Europe the open syllable pattern occurs. Struktury sylabiczne południowo-wschodniej EuropyPodczas gdy zdecydowana większość języków świata preferuje tzw. sonorycznościowy (jednoszczytowy) model sylaby, to południowo-wschodnia Europa jest pod tym względem dość zróżnicowana. Odstępstwa od zasady jednoszczytowości występują w językach północnosłowiańskich. Na Bałkanach natomiast odstępstwa takie dotyczą głównie dystrybucji sonantów nosowych i występują albo w nagłosie, albo w wygłosie. Sa...
Phonetic syllabification and morphological parsability: the case of prefixed words in Polish
This paper investigates the interaction between phonological (i.e. phonotactic) and morphological factors in Polish, on the basis of the data from a phonetic syllabification experiment. The morphological factors which determine the parsability of derivatives include, among others, the transparency of complex words, their relative frequency, and the recognizability of the prefix. From a phonological point of view a special attention is paid to the Sonority Sequency Generalization. The results are based on an experimental study which was carried out on over a hundred native speakers of Polish . During the experiment, judgments were elicited concerning the surface syllabification of a class of morphologically complex words in Polish, namely prefixed formations. One of the aims of the study was to find out whether the informants respected the prefix-stem juncture in syllabifying the stimuli items. Another aim was to examine the interplay of phonological restrictions with the visibility ...
Phonotactics and morphonotactics of Polish and English. Theory, description, tools and applications
2016
Phonotactics determines phonological conditions and constraints on the occurrence or cooccurrence of sounds (vowels and consonants) in a given language. Morphonotactics refers to the interaction between phonotactics and morphotactics. The main approach to consonant clusters is based on the division into phonotactic and morphonotactic clusters. Phonotactic clusters occur within morphemes. Morphonotactic clusters arise as a result of morphological operations such as concatenation or apophony. Morphonotactic clusters are often phonotactically marked and often fail to surface as phonotactic clusters. The research focuses both on morphologically simple and complex clusters. The leitmotif of the present book is the verification of the hypothesis concerning the markedness of clusters in relation to their phonotactic or morphonotactic character. The dictionary and corpus data was examined in terms of markedness, based on universal phonotactic preferences. In order to evaluate cluster preferability, a phonotactic calculator was devised, which enables making measurements on a large scale.
Vowel variation in advanced Polish learners of English
The vowels of TRAP, DRESS and STRUT from a wordlist read by 52 female advanced Polish students of English were measured acoustically in terms of F1 and F2. In the entire sample treated as a whole, TRAP showed the most variation, and its distribution overlapped almost completely with those of STRUT and DRESS. Statistical analysis showed that, for the entire sample, there was a significant difference between the three vowels, but a post-hoc test revealed that contrast between TRAP and either DRESS or STRUT was lacking for many subjects. A qualitative analysis of the individual systems showed four patterns: (1) "TREP" systems, where TRAP lacked contrast with DRESS; (2) "TRUP" systems, where it lacked contrast with STRUT; (3) "BIMODAL" systems, where it showed a bimodal distribution, with some instances in DRESS territory, and some in STRUT territory and (4) systems where TRAP formed a more or less separate category. An analysis of the variability within TRAP showed that, for F2, the interaction between preceding and following consonantal context was a stronger effect than following context only, pointing to possible lexical conditioning.