ARCHITECTURE IN THE AGE OF EMPIRE Die Architektur der neuen Weltordnung (original) (raw)
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Identity and ideology in 20 th Century of Turkish Architecture
IJSER International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research , 2017
Examining the architectural actions, Turks that have founded many states throughout the history are observed to have maintained the transfer of their culture, which has been shaped with different dynamics such as regime, ethnic diversity, geography, religion and has followed a natural flow even though factors has changed from time to time, to the early 20 th century. The 20 th century of Turkish architecture has come to a point where it serves to the efforts of creating a new identity that has strayed from its natural line as a result of an ideological movement worldwide. Even though the movement that was expressed as the National Renaissance of Turkish architecture and demonstrated its impact on public buildings during its period has later been called National Style, given its starting point, architectural components and references, how accurate it is to be called national is open to debate. In this study, the First National Architectural Movement and the Second National Architectural Movement that have impact on the early 20 th century particularly is dealt with in terms of identity issues and ideological approaches of Neo-Classical Architecture in Turkey.
From Sedad Eldem to Turgut Cansever: the legacy of a School of Architecture
International Journal of Architecture and Urban Studies, 2017
The theme of this proposal focuses on the concept of "transmissibility" of architectural knowledge unfolding within a School of Architecture. The aim is to highlight the principles that, by the transmission of thought from a Master to a Scholar, have contributed to the development of a Turkish Architecture School. In this specific example, I would like to analyse the influence of Sedad Eldem (1908-1988) teaching method in the work of Turgut Cansever (1921-2009). The architecture of Turgut Cansever is morphologically distant from that of Sedad Eldem and draws on a very wide semantic repertoire, which cannot be reducible just to the influence of a School of Architecture. However, the experience in the Seminars on National Architectural Style and the academic and professional training with Sedad Eldem had a decisive role in the formulation of the theoretical thought of Turgut Cansever, and this influence is clearly legible in his works of architecture. Two transmission subjects, which played a central role in the formation of this idea of school, in particular can be outlined; namely the notions of "type" and "building process”. Eldem in his texts, as Türk evi o Yapı, has deployed a range of possible proposals about the types and the architectural elements. These were part of the same tradition, but at one time made possible the development of a new architecture. "Type" and "building process" are, in this idea of School, part of the same cultural legacy, based not on the imitation of models, but on valuable operating tools to work in the city. The type has to do with the transmissibility of the settlement and urban facts and is linked to the concept of identity. The very notion of identity admits the variation within a common formal repertoire, therefore the use of types in architecture allows a great operational freedom, in terms of architectural composition. Cansever resorts in his architecture both to the variation on the same type (as in the Demir Village in Bodrum, where the architect works through the investigation of the local settlement types), and to the typological contamination (as in the Turkish Historical Society building in Ankara). Even more evident in terms of teaching transmission from Eldem to Cansever is the conception of architecture as "building art". The character of the building process, in which standard elements are joined together to create a structurally and compositionally unitary system, is a feature widely developed in the work of Cansever. Thus the reasons that lead the type into a concluded form are above all constructive ones, while the settlement choices are closely linked to the site. In this sense the effectiveness of a teaching transmission can be evaluated not on the formal emulation, rejected several times by Eldem himself as a matter of fashion, but on the possibility of forming a critical ability, through a working method based on the study of the project in relation to the site, analysing case by case the possible success of the proposed solutions.
The developments in architecture make a statement not only in practicality but also in lifestyles needs for a particular period. There is also a direct association with the architecture with a link to lifestyle, culture, social order, and specific needs within the various areas. The current architecture in Turkey, like most parts of the world including Rome and Greece indicates the development of the landscape as well as the historical, religious, cultural, and home areas reflects understanding of architecture, evident in ottoman rule. Modern development is often one based on urban spaces while the traditional means created with religious formations that were a part of Turkey. The research will examine the different pieces of architecture associated with Turkey’s Ottoman era and contemporary classic-style influenced by European cubism and modernism and introducing westernization and secularization. Consequently, this paper intercepts the ottoman rule with contemporary architecture using literature on architecture from the perspective of historical affiliations and contemporary changes as a part of culture. The concept of architecture in contemporary times in Turkey then will look examine the contemporary artefacts. The paper also examines Ottoman architecture design elements present in modern day mosques. One such element is the dome that has continually characterized the structure of mosques and without which this Islamic symbol loses contact with the audience. Keywords: Ottoman Architecture, Contemporary or Turkey Republic Architecture, Dwellings and Mosques in Turkey,
Learning from L’Architecture d’aujord’hui: A way of designing a modern for the 1950s’ Ankara
Reactive Proactive Architecture, 2018
Revivalist attitudes in architecture began to be outdated in Turkey from the end of the 1940s, and modern approaches were becoming the ongoing architectural trend during the 1950s. In a period, when the country was open to political, economic and cultural reforms from the impetus gained by the developments of being part of the West since the end of the Second World War, Turkish architects were strongly influenced by the International Style, and they simultaneously gave iconic examples of Turkish modernism of the 1950s. In this context, this study aims to discuss the reasons for the widening impact of the International Style then in Turkey, and Turkish architects’ sources of inspiration. Having analyzed the current literature, this paper examines the mediation, which an international magazine (i.e. L’Architecture d’Aujord’hui) establishes in the dissemination of modern language in architecture, through one of the early works of Turkish architect Nejat Ersin (1924-2010).
The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire
Reaktion Books, with Princeton University Press, 2005. Revised second edition (London: Reaktion Books, with the University of Chicago Press, 2011), 2005
and hospitals. His distinctive architectural idiom also left its imprint over the terrains of a vast empire extending from the Danube to the Tigris, and he became the most celebrated of all Ottoman architects, particularly renowned for his influence on the cityscape of Istanbul.
Journal of Architectural Education, 2014
The international series “Modern Architectures in History” by Reaktion Books examines the twentieth-century modernisms in different cultural contexts. Preceded by the earlier volumes on Finland, Britain, the United States, and Brazil, and followed by the ones on Italy, Greece, and France (forthcoming), this book by Sibel Bozdoğan and Esra Akcan provides a masterfully told history of Turkish architecture from the 1920s to the 2010s.