Effect of different industrial and domestic effluents on growth, yield, and heavy metal accumulation in Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) (original) (raw)
Accumulation of different metals and metalloids was assessed in a potential vegetable crop, turnip (Brassica rapa L.) irrigated with domestic wastewater in the peri-urban areas of Khushab City, Pakistan. Two sites at a distance of 15 km radius were selected for this study. The levels of different metals and metalloids such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd and Pb, at site-I were 0.06, 15.8, 34.4, 13.5, 1.95, 3.15, 4.25, 41.5, 1.68, 4.79, 8.76, and 27.5 mg kg-1 , whereas those at site-II were 0.07, 23.7,41.9, 20.2, 3.70, 3.63, 9.64, 47.08, 2.73, 5.85, 19.09 and 33.85 mg kg-1 , respectively. In general, the metal and metalloid concentrations were higher at site-II than those found at site-I, except Cd. The concentrations (mg kg-1) of metals and metalloids in the vegetable at site-I following the order of arrangement in the case of soil were, 9.07, 33.66, 28.48, 0.49, 7.64, 18.73, 35.79, 2.53, 0.41, 6.8, 0.58 and 7.28 mg/kg, whereas those at site-II were 17.09, 49.23, 42.05,0.77, 9.95, 15.10, 55.5, 5.21, 0.63, 16.1, 0.66 and 12.6 mg/kg, respectively. At both sites the levels of metals in the vegetable were below the permissible level except those of Mn, Ni, Zn, Mo and Pb. At both sites, the transfer factor ranged from 0.03-216.3 mg kg-1 with Cr having the highest transfer factor. The metal pollution index in soil was in the following order: Cd > Ni > Se > Zn > Mn > Co > Cr > Pb > Mo > Fe > Cu > As and in the vegetables as Mo > As > Cr > Pb > Zn > Co > Se > Fe > Mn > Ni > Cd > Cu, respectively.
Impact of treated municipal wastewater irrigation on turnip ( Brassica rapa )
Journal of Plant Interactions, 2013
The effect of treated municipal wastewater on the roots and the leaves of turnip was studied to compare the 50% and 100% wastewater of 34 ml/d Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) with different doses of potassic fertilizers. Turnip (Brassica rapa) was used as a test plant. A pot experiment was conducted, using a factorial randomized block design to investigate the growth and translocation of heavy metals to the leaves and the roots of turnip. The concentration of heavy metal in wastewater used for irrigation was within the limits. However, the concentration in the plant parts showed a significant rise due to continuous use of wastewater. The concentration of heavy metals in leaves and roots was at excessive levels at 40 and 55 days after sowing (DAS), while at 70 DAS, metal concentration was comparatively low. The range of heavy metals in wastewater irrigated plants was Cd01Á16.3, Ni 00Á136, Fe 0263Á1197, Cu 00Á18, Mn037Á125, and Zn042Á141 mg/kg. Concentration of heavy metals in plants was found in the order of FeZnNi MnCu Cd.
Journal of Stress Physiology Biochemistry, 2013
The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of irrigation with industrial wastewater on soil and plant. For these purpose turnip and lettuce plants were cultivated in soil irrigated with wastewater then heavy metals content of the soil, plant growth, yield and the subsequent changes in biochemical constituents of plant were examined. Irrigation with wastewater was found to load the soil with heavy metals (Pb, Co, Ni and Cd) that were not detected in soil before irrigation. The magnitude of Cd in soils after irrigation with industrial wastewater exceeds the maximum allowable limit (3 mg Kg-1). Both turnip and lettuce exhibited significant decreases in leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots and roots as well as all the measured yield components in response to wastewater irrigation. The magnitude of decrease was positively correlated with the amounts of heavy metals detected in the soil and the inhibitory effect on turnip was much more pronounced than in lettuce. Furthermore, heavy metals accumulation in soil resulted in an oxidative damage to turnip and lettuce as indicated by the significant increase in lipid peroxidation and H 2 O 2 levels in both plants comparing to control values. The significant increases in putrescine in lettuce and turnip shoots and roots and spermidine in lettuce roots as well as total phenolics and flavonoids in plants cultivated in soil enriched with heavy metals are believed to be defense mechanisms in turnip and lettuce plants to counteract the oxidative stress resulted from heavy metals contamination generated from irrigation with wastewater.