Evaluation of the Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Heavy Metal Contents of Shasha River , Southwestern Nigeria (original) (raw)
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2018
This study evaluated the selected physico-chemical properties and heavy metals content of Ebonyi River in Abakaliki southeastern Nigeria. Four replicate water samples were collected from the following sites in Ebonyi River– A. Site near road construction activities, B. Site near automobile repair activities, C. Site near agricultural activities and D. Site near residential houses in August 2017 while Ivy bottle water (E) was used as control. These water samples were used for the determination of conductivity, colour, dissolved solids, suspended solids, total solids, total hardness, odour, pH, nitrate, zinc, cadmium, aluminum, and lead concentration in these areas of different activities. The data collected was analysed using ANOVA for CRD and treatment differences among means was dictated using fisher`s least significant differences. Similarly, the data obtained was compared with World Health Organization standards for domestic water qualities. The results showed significant (p <...
Assessment of physicochemical parameters and heavy metal levels in water was conducted in of Upper Benue River, Adamawa state, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from four different sites once a month in triplicate from May 2014-October 2015. Water physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, Dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and transparency were analysed at the sites while Alkalinity, BOD, free CO 2, ammonia, Total dissolved solids, Nitrate and phosphate were analysed in the laboratories. Heavy metals (Cd,Cr,Cu, Ni, Pb and Zinc) in the water samples were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Temperature ranged between 26.49-27.25 0 C and were within the recommended range. p H fluctuated between 7.48-7.62 and was also within the recommended range. The values obtained for electrical conductivity were typical for fresh water since it ranged from 71.13-93.76Us/cm. Transparency was high during the dry season which correspond to the general tendency of high transparency during the dry season. Dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand values obtained in this study are likely pointers to low pollution level being experienced in the river. The values of phosphate and Nitrates obtained were high and above recommended level. Alkalinity values ranged between 79.87-119.13mg/l, which is within the recommended limits and correlate with BOD. TDS obtained in the study were low. Free carbon-dioxide was low and within the recommended range for tropical water. The mean level profile of Heavy metals in water in all the sites with the exception of site B was Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb. Site B had this profile Cu>Zn>Pb>Ni. Copper and Zinc were the abundant metal in water. Higher level of metal was observed in the dry season. There was an uneven distribution of metal in water. Except Zinc, all the metals observed were not significantly different between sites and months.
Journal of Innovative Research in Life Sciences, 2022
INTRODUCTION Heavy metals refer to any metal and metalloid elements with a moderately high density of weight ranging from 63.5 to 200.6g mol-1 and the densities more than 5gcm-3 (Srisvastava and Majumder, 2008). At low concentrations, they are toxic or poisonous (Malik and Maurya, 2014),and include mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), thallium (Tl), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb). They are widely referred to as pollutants of soils and water bodies (Armah, 2014). These metals are found widely in the earth's crust and are nonbiodegradable in nature. They enter into the human body through gastrointestinal route, air (inhalation) and skin absorbance. Although a small number have essential role in the metabolism of humans and animals in small quantity (Hazra et al., 2019), they bio-accumulate and affect the normal functioning of heart, kidney, liver, bone and brain. Some ailments such as oedema of eyelids, tumour, congestion of nasal mucous membranes and pharynx, stuffiness of the head and gastrointestinal, reproductive, muscular, neurological and genetic malfunctions by some of these heavy metals have been reported ABSTRACT Heavy metals are synonymous with a group of metals and semi-metals that have been associated with pollution, contamination and toxicity. Rocks are one of the natural pools for heavy metals presence in the environment, which characterized Eyin-Osun River. This study is aimed at assessing the impacts of quarrying activities on physicochemical parameters and heavy metal components of Eyin-Osun. Heavy Metal assessment of Eyin-Osun River was carried out for four months at seven sampling stations (January-April) using the standard method of the American Public Health Association (APHA) for water analysis. Water samples were assessed for physicochemical parameters and heavy metals contents. Temperature, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate and ammonia as physical and chemical status, while heavy metals were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The pH, temperature, and conductivity of the water were between 9.00 and 9.50, 26.5°C and 33.0°C, and 63.0uscm-1 and 1039.0uscm-1 , respectively. The heavy metals were present in order of Fe (1.8)> Zn(0.15)>Cu (0.11) >Mn (0.014), while Cd, Cr, and Pb were not detected in all the water samples. The heavy metals were found to be within the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits except Fe, which was slightly higher. It is concluded that despite impacts of quarrying on heavy metal concentration in nearby water bodies, it is still below the permissible limit.
Physicochemical and heavy metals analysis of Udo Awankwo River in Ikot Ekpene, South-South, Nigeria
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2021
The physicochemical and heavy metal studies of water samples obtained from Udo Anwankwo River were investigated. Water samples were collected from three different sampling points along the course of the river and analyzed using standard procedures. The physicochemical parameters like the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) were above the less than 4.0mg/l permissible limit by WHO. The temperature ranged from 28.0°C. to 28.2°C while the pH and electrical conductivity ranged from 7.70 to 8.03 and 16.25to 33.16 µs/cm. All the heavy metals (Nickel, Lead, Cadmium, Chromium and Arsenic) analyzed were above the permissible limit’s standard set by WHO for drinking water. The study suggests the need for urgent measures towards the control of pollution and enlightening of the locals on the need for proper disposal of wastes and water treatment before use.
The physico-chemical properties and heavy metal status of Ohii Miri River in Abia State, Nigeria was assessed. The section of the river studied (from Ahia-Eke to Amaoba-Ime) was divided into three segments designated as Station A, B, & C. The water samples were collected from five positions along each of the three stations. Values obtained from the five sampling points were averaged. The water samples were analyzed for pH, conductivity, total alkalinity, total acidity, chloride content, phosphates, sulphates, total nitrogen, organic carbon, Ca, Mg, Na, K, BOD, COD, total solids, and heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Zn, Mn, Ni, Cd, and Cr) using standard procedures. Correlation analysis was also employed to examine the relationship between the various parameters in the water samples. The results obtained were compared with WHO standard. The result showed that the water was acidic during the dry season. Values of conductivity, total alkalinity, chloride content, phosphates, sulphates, organic ca...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2011
Introduction Water contamination is a notable environmental problem of the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The present work is an improved attempt at a scientific discourse of water-quality issues in the Niger Delta of Nigeria with respect to heavy metal levels in surface water in view of the hitherto dearth of scientific data. Materials and methods We have looked at the Fe, Mn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn (quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry) profiles and some physicochemical properties (pH and salinity) of some surface water used by the local population in the mid Niger Delta. Surface water samples were collected from these surface waters in the dry and rainy seasons. Results Akiplai wellhead stream and Etebde River had the highest level of iron. In Delta State, high levels of cadmium were found in Ijala creek, Ubeji creek, Jeddo River, and Ekpan River, respectively. High lead levels were seen in Jeddo River, Ekurede-Itsekiri Creek, and Ughelli River. In River State, Tombia River had the highest levels of chromium, lead, and nickel. Ijala creek, Eja-Etan, Ifie-Kporo, Ubeji Creek, Jeddo, Ekpan Rivers, and Ekurede-Itsekiri Creek, all in Delta State, presented highest salinity levels. Orash River, Ughewhe stream, and Egbo stream have a lowest pH of 5.22, 5.32, and 5.53, respectively, while Ifie-Kporo River have a highest pH of 8.18. Conclusion Most of the metal levels were above US EPA Maximum Contaminant Level MCL indicative of water pollution which may be of public health importance, and we, therefore, recommend water-quality monitoring.
International Journal of Energy and Water Resources, 2020
Water is a universal solvent that has the ability to dissolve any compound. It is of great importance to the existence of mankind, as it serves as a means of drinking, clean energy, irrigation, recreation, livestock farming and many more. However, Human activities such as industrialization and the improper waste management around water body introduce toxic metallic substances which could have great effect on human health and aquatic life when in high concentration (above standard). Hence, this study was carried out to determine the level of pollution of the river waters in and around Abuja city as rapid emerging city in Nigeria and to detect the concentration of ten (10) heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cr, Co, Cd, Fe, Mn, and Mg), respectively. The four water samples were collected along rivers at different points and analyzed at the Chemistry Advanced Laboratory, Sheda Technology and Generation complex, Abuja. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to detect the concentration of heavy metals in the water samples. The results indicated the low level concentration in Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Mn when compared with the World Health Organization standard. The maximum desirable concentration specified for Ni and Cr by World Health Organization is exceeded in the river waters, while Mg is very low comparable with World Health Organization standard. This study shows that the river waters are not suitable for human consumption and hence recommended that microbiological investigation should be carried out on the river waters as soon as possible to save both lives and aquatic livings.
HEAVY METAL LEVELS AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF POTABLE WATER IN NNEWI, ANAMBRA STATE NIGERIA
Ten water samples from six randomly selected boreholes, three natural spring water and one sachet water from Nnewi in Nnewi North Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria were collected. Physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals were determined using standard analytical procedures. The result of the physico-chemical analysis were obtained in the following range; pH (6.38-7.42), temperature (23-26 0 C), conductivity (30.22-222.22 µS/cm), sodium (0.46-23.00mg/l), potassium (0.07-2.49mg/l), chloride (15.57-36.03mg/l), alkalinity (20-110mg/l) and hardness (45-275mg/l). The concentration of heavy metals (mg/l) in the samples were found within the following range; Pb (0.02-0.08), Fe (0.02-0.06), Cu (0.03-0.07), and Zn (ND-0.07). Cadmium was not detected in any of the water samples. Apart from lead that was found to be higher than the recommended limit for drinking water by World Health Organisation, all other results obtained were within the recommended limit.
Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2015
The physico-chemical parameters and heavy metal levels in water samples from river Jakara and Jakara dam as well as in fish samples from the dam were determined during the wet and dry seasons of the year. From the results and the calculated t-value of the parameters, the physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals determined were generally higher in dry season than the wet season. The recorded pH ranged between 6.1 ± 0.2 to 8.45 ± 0.35, conductivity 970 ± 90 µS/cm to 3300 ± 60 µS/cm, dissolved oxygen 5.5 ± 0.