An epidemiological study of bovine mastitis and associated risk factors in and around Eltarf District, northeast Algeria (original) (raw)
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bovine Mastitis on Conventional Dairy Farms in Northwestern Algeria
Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research, Volume 43 Issue 2: 320-326 (June ), 2024
Background: Algeria's dairy sector is experiencing various obstacles, such as a high frequency of diseases in dairy farms, particularly mastitis. Nonetheless, there has been a scarcity of research on mastitis occurrence, notably in Algeria's Western area. As a result, the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of mastitis and its associated risk factors in Algeria's northwest area. Methods: The study included 130 dairy cows from 17 farms. The California mastitis test (CMT) and visual inspection were used to determine the prevalence of subclinical and clinical mastitis. Result: The total cow-level prevalence was 68.50% (89/130), with clinical cases accounting for 3.10% (4/130) and subclinical cases accounting for 65.40% (85/130). The quarter-level prevalence of mastitis was 35.19% (183/520), with 3.08% (16/520) clinical cases and 32.11% (167/520) subclinical cases. The study found that parity, lactation stage and age were all significant intrinsic risk factors for mastitis (P<0.05). Additionally, cow cleanliness level, cleaning solution, wiping udder after washing and dry cow treatment were significant extrinsic risk factors linked with mastitis (P<0.05). Given the high prevalence of mastitis in this region, regular screening and treatment are crucial to minimize the risk of mastitis and enhance cow health.
Risk Factors Associated with Mastitis Occurrence in Dairy Herds in Benisuef, Egypt
A cross sectional study was carried out from April, 2009 till the end of November, 2011 to estimate prevalence of mastitis and its risk indicators in private dairy herd in Beni-suef region. A total of 233 Holstein milking cows were tested using California Mastitis Test (CMT). Prevalence of mastitis at cow level was 42.92 % (100/233), out of which 9.87% (23/233) and 33.05% (77/233) were clinical and subclinical mastitis, respectively. The quarter level prevalence was 29.08 (272/929); from this the clinical and subclinical forms were 5.81 (54/929) and 23.47 % (218/929), respectively. Samples from all 54 active clinical cases and 98.0% (208/211) of positive CMT subclinical quarters were found to be culture positive. A total of 272 bacteria were isolated, the most prevalent being coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS; 37.8%), S. aureus (25.8%) followed by E.coli (18.7 %). Other bacterial isolates included Streptoccusagalactiae (11.8 %), Klebsiellapneumonae (3.6 %) and Str.uberis (2.8 %). Risk factors such as age difference, stage of lactation, parity, tick infestation, previous history of clinical mastitis, and farm hygiene were highly significant in the mastitis prevalence (P < 0.01). On the other hand, strong relationship was found between milk production and occurrence of bovine mastitis as, prevalence was higher in adult cows (X2= 9.50, P< 0.05), hence the risk of developing mastitis significantly increase (P< 0.003) in lactating cow at ages (3-5 years) , at early lactation stage , with paritynumber (2-4) and during summer months, than those corresponding animals. In conclusion, the potential risk factors associated with mastitis prevalence and severity includes cow's itself and their surrounding environment particularly farm and milking hygiene procedure. Moreover, veterinary supervision, and tick infestation are among the potential risk factors predispose and increase severity of mastitis problem in dairy farm.
Some epidemiological studies on subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in Assiut Governorate
In this investigation, some epidemiological studies were run on subclinical mastitis for totally 350 dairy cows of different breeds, ages and distributed in different villages in Assiut governorate, Assiut, Egypt, along a whole year (during the period from June 2006 till July 2007) through field screening surveys by using of the California mastitis test (CMT) for each quarter milk sample followed by bacteriological examination to identify the major causative agents of intramammary infection (IMI). The dairy cows were differed from the breed point of view as 230 Holstein Friesian breed and 120 native breed. Also, they were differed from the age point of view as a group of 95 cows aged from 2 to 4 years old and another group of 255 cow aged from 5 to 8 years old. All dairy cows were apparently healthy with clinically sound udder secreting apparently normal milk. All the cows lived nearly under the same conditions of breeding from the habitat, hygiene and feeding systems. The obtained results revealed that 67 cows (19.14%) had 80 infected quarters (5.71%). It was found that the most frequently major causative agents isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli from the positive CMT samples with prevalence 52.5, 31.25 and 16.25%, respectively. With studying the breed factor, it was found Friesian breed was sensitive towards infection (20.43% at the cow level and 6.09% at the quarter level) than of native breed (16.67% at the cow level and 5% at the quarter level). It was also noticed that the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in hot weather as during summer (9.14% at the cow level and 2.64% at the quarter level) and during spring (4.86% at the cow level and 1.36% at the quarter level) was higher than in cold weather as during winter (2% at the cow level and 0.64% at the quarter level) and during autumn (3.14% at the cow level and 1.07% at the quarter level). In relation to age susceptibility, 5-8 years old cows (15.43% at the cow level and 4.36% at the quarter level) were susceptible than those of 2-4 years (3.71% at the cow level and 1.36% at the quarter level). The degree of quarter attack according to positive CMT was varied from 35 quarters (2.50%) showed degree (+++), to 45 ones (3.22%) showed degree (++), to 120 ones (8.57%) showed degree (+) and the rest (85.71%) showed degree (-). The obtained results threw the light on the epidemiology of subclinical mastitis in Assiut villages and provided an importance of the CMT for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis due to it is a reliable, easy, rapid and cheap tool helping in diagnosis and controlling the disease because it directs attention to individual mammary quarter that is secreting milk of high somatic cell content (SCC). Programs for control of subclinical mastitis may be planned around the routine examination of all lactating cows, and consequently early treatment can be applied towards positive cases rapidly for preventing their conversion towards clinical form among dairy cows and for protecting the herd health, milk hygiene and consequently the consumer health.
Aim: A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of mastitis in dairy cows. Materials and Methods: A total of 302 dairy cows were selected from all volunteer dairy farms in Ambo district of West Shewa Zone, Oromia region. Thorough clinical examination was made on all lactating cows for evidence of signs of clinical mastitis followed by collection of milk sample for examination of gross changes of milk secretion and California mastitis test. Result: About 126 (41.7%) cows had mastitis, of which 9.9% (30/302) were clinical and 31.8% (96/302) were subclinical mastitis cases. The quarter level prevalence was 44.4% (536/1208), comprising 9.3% (112/1208), clinical and 32.8% (396/1208) subclinical forms of mastitis. In addition, 5.5% (66/1208) of teats were found to be blind on the clinical examination of udder and teat. The Chi-square analysis of intrinsic risk factors revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence of mastitis in crossbred cattle (47.2%) than indigenous (15.4%), in cattle above 7 years (75%) than less than 2-6 years of age (28%) and cows given more than 4 calves (81.3%) than those with less than 4 calves (31.1%) irrespective to their lactation stage. There was also significantly (p<0.05) higher mastitis prevalence in larger (46.6%) than smaller herds (24.2%) and among the farming systems in semi-intensive (47.1%) and intensive (42.3%) than extensive (8.1%) management system. Conclusion: This study indicated a higher prevalence of mastitis linked with several risk factors. Thus, early diagnosis and regular screening of cows for subclinical mastitis together with proper therapeutic management of clinical cases are of paramount importance. Moreover, control and prevention strategies should be designed and implemented with great emphasis given to risk factors to reduce bovine mastitis and its impact on milk production and food security.
Study on bovine mastitis and associated risk factors in Adigrat, Northern Ethiopia
African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2014
A cross sectional study was conducted from November, 2011 to April, 2012 in Adigrat, Ethiopia, with the objective of assessing the prevalence of bovine mastitis, the risk factors associated with the disease and identifying the bacteria responsible for the disease. A total of 322 cows were selected from 10 small holder dairy farms using simple random sampling method. California Mastitis Test (CMT), clinical examination of udder and teats and bacteriological examination were employed. The overall prevalence of mastitis at a cow level was 64.3% (207/322), from which 15 (31/322) and 85% (176/322) were clinical and subclinical, respectively. The quarter level prevalence of the disease was also 54% (696/1288) from which 20.5 (264/1288) and 33.5% (432/1288) were clinical and subclinical form, respectively. As compared to the others, the right hind quarters were affected with the highest infection rate (63.9%). The left hind quarters were the second with an infection rate of 59.3% followed by right front quarters (52.5%) and left front quarters (40.4%). Among the bacterial causes of bovine mastitis in the study area, Staphylococcus aureus, Echerichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae were the major isolates with percentages of 51.7, 20.9 and 20.3, respectively. All the potential risk factors considered in this study namely, parity, age, stage of lactation and breed showed significant effects on prevalence of mastitis in the present study. The present study concludes that mastitis was a major health problem of dairy cows in the area. Hence, strategic control measures against the disease and regular surveillance measures are recommended.
Epidemiological and Bacteriological Investigation of Bovine Mastitis in Khartoum State, Sudan
SUST Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2013
A cross-sectional study was conducted in large and small dairy farms in Khartoum state from April to October 2012. The objectives were to estimate the overall prevalence of bovine mastitis (clinical and subclinical), elucidate the association of potential risk factors and to isolate and identify the bacteria associated with mastitis from milk samples. A total of 646 lactating dairy cow comprising 51 local, 590 cross and 5 pure breed cows were randomly selected and screened using California Mastitis Test (CMT) for subclinical mastitis and clinical examination for clinical mastitis. The overall individual animal prevalence was found to be 51% (6.3% clinical and 44.7% subclinical). The prevalence in different localities was 67.7% in Ombadda, 45.2% in Omdurman, 50% in East Nile and 45.1% in Khartoum. The overall herd prevalence was 90.5% (27% clinical and 63.5% subclinical). The percentage of mastitis within quarters was 24% (4% clinical and 20% subclinical, 50% in the hind quarters and 48.7% in the front quarters). Risk factors such as, locality, health score, stage of lactation, parity, previous exposure to mastitis, teat injuries, presence of ticks, yielding milk, herd size, floor disinfectant, water scarcity, drainage system, dung removing, farm fencing and education level showed statistically significant association with the occurrence of mastitis in the univariate analysis (p-value ≤ 0.25). The results of the present study also showed that locality, stage of lactation, parity, previous exposure to mastitis and yielding milk had statistically significant association with mastitis in the multivariate analysis (p-value ≤ 0.05). Twenty five subclinically positive milk samples and 25 milk samples from clinically affected cows were subjected to bacteriological examination. All 50 samples yielded growth. Among these cultured positive samples, the prevalent mastitis causing agents isolated were: 61.1% Staphylococcus spp., 15% Streptococcus spp., 6% Corynebacterium spp., 3% Aerococcus spp., 2% Micrococcus spp. and 2% Bacillus spp.
Subclinical mastitis in cattle in Algeria: Frequency of occurrence and bacteriological isolates
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 2013
The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in cattle in eighteen herds in the center region of Algeria. Milk samples were collected from 560 quarters of 140 cows free of clinical mastitis. The samples were subjected to California Mastitis Test (CMT) and the positive samples were analysed by bacteriological culture and Speed Mam® Color. The overall quarter prevalence was 28.77% whilst animal prevalence was 28.57%.Bacteriological analysis showed that there was a wide range of bacteria that cause these infections. Staphylococcus aureus (40%) was found to be the most prevalent organism followed by Streptococcus spp. (12.5%), Enterobacteriaceae (2.5%), Pseudomonas spp. (2.5%), Staphylococcusaureus + Streptococcus spp. (12.5%), Streptococcus spp.+ Escherichia coli (7.5%), S. aureus + Mycoplasma spp.(7.5%), and S. aureus +Streptococcus spp.+ E. coli (5%).
2023
Establishing an early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis is particularly important in order to reduce the economic losses caused by the evolution of this pathology in dairy herds. The present study aimed to determine prevalence of subclinical mastitis in traditional cattle farms in the Poro region (northern Ivory Coast). A total of 360 lactating cows in 45 traditional farms in the four departments of this region (Dikodougou, Korhogo, M'bengue and Sinematiali) were taken into study. Somatic Cell Count (SCC) with Delaval Cell Count (DCC) and California Mastitis Test (CMT) were used to analyze the collected milk samples. These tests revealed cases of mastitis in the four departments of Poro region at frequencies varying from 54.17% to 97.92%. The prevalence was 75.5% and 80% (positive at score ≥ 2) using DCC and CMT respectively. There was no significant difference between prevalence obtained with these two tests (p = 0.312). The prevalence of mastitis in crossbred and zebu cows (100%) was significantly higher ( p = 0.003) than that of local cow breeds with 90%, 78.88% and 75% respectively for N'dama, Méré and Baoulé. In addition, month of lactation and number of calving had no effect on occurrence of mastitis (Odds ratio = 0.279; 95% CI: [0.474-0.083]); (Odds ratio = 0.164; 95% CI: [2.341-2.683]). However, the risk of onset of subclinical mastitis is higher in older cows (Odds ratio = 10.09; 95% CI: [0.283-0.148]). Keywords : subclinical mastitis, prevalence, CMT, DCC, Ivory Coast.
Benha Veterinary Medical Journal
The current study was built on 1015 dairy records of Holstein Friesian cows, aimed to determine the prevalence and potential risk factors of clinical mastitis (CM). Logistic regression models were conducted to determine the risk factors associated with the onset of CM. The average age at 1 st calving was 1.98 years in mastitic cows, and 2.01 years in healthy ones. Daily milk yield (DMY) was shown to be somewhat lower in mastitic cows than in healthy (31.9 and 32.3 kg, respectively). Older dairy cows >5 years had a higher incidence of mastitis (53.56%). The prevalence of CM was higher in multiparous cows, either 2 nd parity (48.24%) or ≥ 3 rd parity (47.23%). Regarding the calving season, cows that calved in winter showed a lower percentage of CM (38.36%). Pregnant cows were found to have a greater incidence of CM than non-pregnant cows (59.35% and 32.89%, respectively). Concerning the history of the previous mastitis, cows that were infected previously showed a higher prevalence of CM (51.66%). The greatest percentage of CM was observed in cows in the early and mid-stages of lactation (44.59% and 52.69%, respectively). The final multivariate logistic regression model revealed that age at 1 st calving had a significant positive correlation with the incidence of CM (β=1.19, P-value= 0.003). Older cows >5 years (odds ratio (OR)=1.79), cows calved during the summer season (OR=1.84), Pregnant cows (OR=7.27), cows with a history of previous mastitis (OR=1.81), and lactating cows at early lactation stage (1-90 days) were significant risk factors associated with an increased incidence of CM.