Gender sidestreaming? Analysing gender mainstreaming in national militaries and international peacekeeping (original) (raw)

Gender mainstreaming in UN peacekeeping: Impacts and challenges of gender in international peace and security policies (2018)

Peacekeeping: Global Perspectives, Challenges and Impacts, 2018

In this chapter I make a critical analyisis of international, gender mainstreaming policies implemented in the field of peace and security and, more concretely, how these have been introduced into the UNPKO following the adoption of UNSCR 1325. Although its adoption was a landmark, its implementation has been severely criticised and it currently faces big challenges. These include promoting real participation by women, overcoming the dominant, traditional vision of the latter as victims in armed conflicts; and going beyond the identification of gender with women in order to also consider analysis of masculinities and unequal gender relations.

Gendered Culture in Peacekeeping Operations

International Peacekeeping, 2010

This article examines the way that gender values and norms underlie the definition and development of peacekeeping missions, and how, in turn, these might contribute to changing prevailing gender regimes within military forces. The article starts with a revision of the gendered nature of the military, brings in the topic of changing professional identities in modern armed forces, and proceeds with an examination of key issues and contradictions in contemporary discourses on gender and peacekeeping. Based on empirical evidence from a variety of research projects conducted since the early 1990s, and with a special focus on the role and integration of women soldiers in peacekeeping, it questions the extent to which peacekeeping missions, and specifically what has been labelled a new gender regime in peacekeeping, have the potential to challenge previously dominant conceptions and practices of gender roles in military culture. The article stresses the idea that only a context-sensitive analysis will allow us to adequately account for and understand the gender dimension of peacekeeping culture.

Policy Tensions Related to Gender and Peacekeeping

Bridging Theory & Practice, 2017

This paper has three objectives. First, I consider key gender assumptions underlying certain gender mainstreaming initiatives. These assumptions are especially evident in the field of peacekeeping but are also found in broader efforts to implement UNSCR 1325. To move forward, I suggest that policy and programmatic proposals to implement the women, peace and security agenda should identify and corroborate the gender assumptions that underpin their proposals. Second, I identify two tensions associated with gender assumptions for 1325 implementation: one between research and advocacy, and the second, between responding to and reproducing gender norms. Third, to address these tensions, I argue that gender mainstreaming should engage what I term a "two-level game" by considering possible policy responses to current gender pressures and norms while simultaneously working to transform these gender parameters. One key question when integrating gender into peace and security processes and institutions concerns how revolutionary gender integration should be. Should gender norms be mainstreamed or eliminated? Should policy acknowledge gendered needs and pressures, or debunk them, and is it possible to do both? This paper argues that the implementation of 1325 has too often focused on the first level (responding to current gender pressures) to the detriment of more transformative second level gains. There has been insufficient attention and debate concerning gender ideals (what the policy is ultimately aiming to do with respect to gender) and end-goals. For example, what does a fully gender mainstreamed peacekeeping operation look like?

Peacekeeping and the Gender Regime

Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 2008

This article addresses the issue of women participation in peacekeeping missions by focusing on two North Atlantic Treaty Organization Dutch peacekeeping units in Bosnia (SFOR8) and Kosovo (KFOR2). I argue that soldiers are ambivalent toward what is perceived the “feminine” aspects of peace missions. Although peacekeeping is a new military model, it reproduces the same traditional combat-oriented mind-set of gender roles. Therefore Dutch female soldiers are limited in their ability to perform and contribute to peace missions. Both peacekeeping missions and female soldiers are confusing for the soldiers, especially for the more hypermasculine Bulldog infantry soldiers. Both represent a blurred new reality in which the comfort of the all-male unit and black-and-white combat situations are replaced by women in what were traditionally men's roles and the fuzzy environment of peacekeeping. At the same time, both are also necessary: peacekeeping, although not desirable, has become the...

Gender Mainstreaming in UN Peace Operations and the Prevention of the Recruitment and Use of Child Soldiers

Allons-y: Journal of Children, Peace and Security, 2021

20 years after the adoption of the landmark Resolution 1325, it is important to assess the implementation of gender mainstreaming in UN peacekeeping operations and its impact on the prevention of the recruitment and use of child soldiers. How has Resolution 1325 influenced the role of men and women in the fight against recruitment and use of child soldiers? What are the challenges and the way forward? This paper will examine the effect of gender mainstreaming in peacekeeping operations on the prevention of the recruitment and use of child soldiers.

Gendered Military Divisions - Doing Peacekeeping as Part of the Postnational Defence

Kvinder, Køn & Forskning, 2013

In the turn towards a postnationaldefence, military organizations arebecoming increasingly diverse.Based on an ethnographic study of aSwedish international service unit,this article highlights tensions in theseemingly homogenous soldiercollective and shows how demarcationsof gender as well as occupation areactive in shaping military work.

Women in Peacekeeping Operations: Challenges of Integration

Peace Prints Journal , 2024

Integration of women in peacekeeping operations is imperative for inspiring new solutions and resolving conflicts. Men, women, boys and girls are affected differently by armed conflict. This calls for a gendered approach to peacekeeping to adequately respond to their needs. The study explores the challenges faced by deployed women peacekeepers which impact their effective integration into peacekeeping operations, and proposes strategies to deal with them. Data was collected from 13 women military officers from different countries who were undergoing pre-deployment training in the female military officer course at the Centre for United Nations Peacekeeping in Delhi. The study identified challenges such as family responsibilities, motherhood, cultural sensitivity, sexual abuse and gender prejudices, and examined their impact on the performance of occupational tasks. It suggested organizational infrastructural support, top-down female support and a pro-active stance against harassment and bullying to overcome challenges.