Mutations in AKAP5 Disrupt Dendritic Signaling Complexes and Lead to Electrophysiological and Behavioral Phenotypes in Mice (original) (raw)
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AKAP Signaling Complexes in Regulation of Excitatory Synaptic Plasticity
The Neuroscientist, 2011
Plasticity at excitatory glutamatergic synapses in the central nervous system is believed to be critical for neuronal circuits to process and encode information allowing animals to perform complex behaviors such as learning and memory. In addition, alterations in synaptic plasticity are associated with human diseases including Alzheimer's, epilepsy, chronic pain, drug addiction, and schizophrenia. Long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) in the hippocampal region of the brain are two forms of synaptic plasticity that increase or decrease, respectively, the strength of synaptic transmission by postsynaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Both LTP and LTD are induced by activation of NMDA-type glutamate receptors but differ in the level and duration of Ca 2+ influx through the NMDA receptor and the subsequent engagement of downstream signaling by protein kinases including PKA, PKC, and CaMKII and phosphatases including PP1 and calcineurin-PP2B (CaN). This review addresses the important emerging roles of the A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) family of scaffold proteins in regulating localization of PKA and other kinases and phosphatases to postsynaptic multi-protein complexes that control NMDA and AMPA receptor function during LTP and LTD.
Regulation of neuronal PKA signaling through AKAP targeting dynamics
European Journal of Cell Biology, 2006
Central to organization of signaling pathways are scaffolding, anchoring and adaptor proteins that mediate localized assembly of multi-protein complexes containing receptors, second messenger-generating enzymes, kinases, phosphatases, and substrates. At the postsynaptic density (PSD) of excitatory synapses, AMPA (AMPAR) and NMDA (NMDAR) glutamate receptors are linked to signaling proteins, the actin cytoskeleton, and synaptic adhesion molecules on dendritic spines through a network of scaffolding proteins that may play important roles regulating synaptic structure and receptor functions in synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory. AMPARs are rapidly recruited to dendritic spines through NMDAR activation during induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) through pathways that also increase the size and F-actin content of spines. Phosphorylation of AMPAR-GluR1 subunits by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) helps stabilize AMPARs recruited during LTP. In contrast, induction of long-term depression (LTD) leads to rapid calcineurin-protein phosphatase 2B (CaN) mediated dephosphorylation of PKA-phosphorylated GluR1 receptors, endocytic removal of AMPAR from synapses, and a reduction in spine size. However, mechanisms for coordinately regulating AMPAR localization, phosphorylation, and synaptic structure by PKA and CaN are not well understood. A kinase-anchoring protein (AKAP) 79/150 is a PKA-and CaN-anchoring protein that is linked to NMDARs and AMPARs through PSD-95 and SAP97 membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) scaffolds. Importantly, disruption of PKA-anchoring in neurons and functional analysis of GluR1-MAGUK-AKAP79 complexes in heterologous cells suggests that AKAP79/150-anchored PKA and CaN may regulate AMPARs in LTD. In the work presented at the ''First International Meeting on Anchored cAMP Signaling Pathways'' (Berlin-Buch, Germany, October 15-16, 2005), we demonstrate that AKAP79/150 is targeted to dendritic spines by an N-terminal basic region that binds phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ), F-actin, and actin-linked cadherin adhesion molecules. Thus, anchoring of PKA and CaN as well as physical linkage of the AKAP to both cadherin-cytoskeletal and MAGUK-receptor complexes could play roles in coordinating changes in synaptic structure and receptor signaling functions underlying plasticity. Importantly, we provide evidence showing that NMDAR-CaN signaling pathways implicated in AMPAR regulation during LTD lead to a disruption of AKAP79/150 interactions with actin, MAGUKs, and cadherins and lead to a loss of the AKAP and anchored PKA from postsynapses. Our studies thus far indicate that this AKAP79/150 translocation depends on activation of CaN, F-actin reorganization, and possibly Ca 2+ -CaM binding to the N-terminal basic regions. Importantly, this tranlocation of the AKAP79/150-PKA complex from spines may shift the balance of PKA kinase and CaN/PP1 phosphatase activity at the postsynapse in favor of the phosphatases. This loss of PKA could then promote actions of CaN and PP1 during induction of LTD including maintaining AMPAR dephosphorylation, promoting ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.de/ejcb 0171-9335/$ -see front matter
Journal of Neuroscience, 2012
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are tetrameric ion channels assembled from GluA1-GluA4 subunits that mediate the majority of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain. In the hippocampus, most synaptic AMPARs are composed of GluA1/2 or GluA2/3 with the GluA2 subunit preventing Ca 2+ influx. However, a small number of Ca 2+ -permeable GluA1 homomeric receptors reside in extrasynaptic locations where they can be rapidly recruited to synapses during synaptic plasticity. Phosphorylation of GluA1 S845 by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) primes extrasynaptic receptors for synaptic insertion in response to NMDA receptor (NMDAR) Ca 2+ signaling during long-term potentiation (LTP), while phosphatases dephosphorylate S845 and remove synaptic and extrasynaptic GluA1 during long-term depression (LTD). PKA and the Ca 2+activated phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) are targeted to GluA1 through binding to A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) 150 in a complex with PSD-95, but we do not understand how the opposing activities of these enzymes are balanced to control plasticity. Here, we generated AKAP150ΔPIX knock-in mice to selectively disrupt CaN anchoring in vivo. We found that AKAP150ΔPIX mice lack LTD but express enhanced LTP at CA1 synapses. Accordingly, basal GluA1 S845 phosphorylation is elevated in AKAP150ΔPIX hippocampus, and LTD-induced dephosphorylation and removal of GluA1, AKAP150, and PSD-95 from synapses is impaired. In addition, basal synaptic activity of GluA2-lacking AMPARs is increased in AKAP150ΔPIX mice and pharmacologic antagonism of these receptors restores normal LTD and inhibits the enhanced LTP. Thus, AKAP150-anchored CaN opposes PKA phosphorylation of GluA1 to restrict synaptic incorporation of Ca 2+ -permeable AMPARs both basally and during LTP and LTD.
Loss of AKAP150 perturbs distinct neuronal processes in mice
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2008
A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins (AKAPs) ensure the fidelity of second messenger signaling events by directing protein kinases and phosphatases toward their preferred substrates. AKAP150 brings protein kinase A (PKA), the calcium/calmodulin dependent phosphatase PP2B and protein kinase C (PKC) to postsynaptic membranes where they facilitate the phosphorylation dependent modulation of certain ion channels. Immunofluorescence and electrophysiological recordings were combined with behavioral analyses to assess whether removal of AKAP150 by gene targeting in mice changes the signaling environment to affect excitatory and inhibitory neuronal processes. Mislocalization of PKA in AKAP150 null hippocampal neurons alters the bidirectional modulation of postsynaptic AMPA receptors with concomitant changes in synaptic transmission and memory retention. AKAP150 null mice also exhibit deficits in motor coordination and strength that are consistent with a role for the anchoring protein in the cerebellum. Loss of AKAP150 in sympathetic cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons reduces muscarinic suppression of inhibitory M currents and provides these animals with a measure of resistance to seizures induced by the non-selective muscarinic agonist pilocarpine. These studies argue that distinct AKAP150-enzyme complexes regulate contextdependent neuronal signaling events in vivo.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2018
Neuronal information processing requires multiple forms of synaptic plasticity mediated by NMDARs and AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs). These plasticity mechanisms include long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), which are Hebbian, homosynaptic mechanisms locally regulating synaptic strength of specific inputs, and homeostatic synaptic scaling, which is a heterosynaptic mechanism globally regulating synaptic strength across all inputs. In many cases, LTP and homeostatic scaling regulate AMPAR subunit composition to increase synaptic strength via incorporation of Ca-permeable receptors (CP-AMPAR) containing GluA1, but lacking GluA2, subunits. Previous work by our group and others demonstrated that anchoring of the kinase PKA and the phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) to A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) 150 play opposing roles in regulation of GluA1 Ser845 phosphorylation and CP-AMPAR synaptic incorporation during hippocampal LTP and LTD. Here, using both male an...
Journal of Neuroscience, 2009
Ca 2ϩ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II␣ (CaMKII␣) is an essential mediator of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity that possesses multiple protein functions. So far, the autophosphorylation site-mutant mice targeted at T286 and at T305/306 have demonstrated the importance of the autonomous activity and Ca 2ϩ /calmodulin-binding capacity of CaMKII␣, respectively, in the induction of longterm potentiation (LTP) and hippocampus-dependent learning. However, kinase activity of CaMKII␣, the most essential enzymatic function, has not been genetically dissected yet. Here, we generated a novel CaMKII␣ knock-in mouse that completely lacks its kinase activity by introducing K42R mutation and examined the effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and behavioral learning. In homozygous CaMKII␣ (K42R) mice, kinase activity was reduced to the same level as in CaMKII␣-null mice, whereas CaMKII protein expression was well preserved. Tetanic stimulation failed to induce not only LTP but also sustained dendritic spine enlargement, a structural basis for LTP, at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse, whereas activity-dependent postsynaptic translocation of CaMKII␣ was preserved. In addition, CaMKII␣ (K42R) mice showed a severe impairment in inhibitory avoidance learning, a form of memory that is dependent on the hippocampus. These results demonstrate that kinase activity of CaMKII␣ is a common critical gate controlling structural, functional, and behavioral expression of synaptic memory.
A calcineurin/AKAP complex is required for NMDA receptor–dependent long-term depression
Nature Neuroscience, 2010
AKAP79/150 is a protein scaffold thought to position specific kinases (PKA, PKC) and phosphastases (calcineurin) in appropriate synaptic domains so that their activities can regulate excitatory synaptic strength. Using a viral-mediated molecular replacement strategy in rat hippocampal slices, we found that AKAP is required for NMDA receptor-dependent LTD solely due to its interaction with calcineurin. Genetic, molecular and pharmacological manipulations have provided support for a critical role of AKAP79/150 (A-kinase anchoring protein) in regulating excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity but the molecular mechanisms by which this occurs are confusing1-5. Using a lentivirus-mediated molecular replacement strategy targeting PSD-95, it was recently demonstrated that an AKAP150/PSD-95 complex is required for NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent LTD as well as NMDAR-triggered endocytosis of AMPA receptors (AMPARs)6,7. Using the same strategy we addressed the roles of endogenous AKAP and its binding to calcineurin (PP2B), PKA and PKC in regulating basal synaptic transmission and several prominent forms of synaptic plasticity.
Neuronal AKAP150 coordinates PKA and Epac-mediated PKB/Akt phosphorylation
Cellular Signalling, 2008
In diverse neuronal processes ranging from neuronal survival to synaptic plasticity cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling is tightly connected with the protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt pathway but the precise nature of this connection remains unknown. In the current study we investigated the effect of two mainstream pathways initiated by cAMP, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and exchange proteins directly activated by
A-Kinase Anchoring Protein-Calcineurin Signaling in Long-Term Depression of GABAergic Synapses
Journal of Neuroscience, 2013
The postsynaptic scaffolding A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150 (AKAP79/150) signaling complex regulates excitatory synaptic transmission and strength through tethering protein kinase A (PKA), PKC, and calcineurin (CaN) to the postsynaptic densities of neurons (Sanderson and Dell'Acqua, 2011), but its role in inhibitory synaptic transmission and plasticity is unknown. Using immunofluorescence and whole-cell patch-clamp recording in rat midbrain slices, we show that activation of postsynaptic D 2 -like family of dopamine (DA) receptor in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) induces long-term depression (LTD) of GABAergic synapses on DA neurons through an inositol triphosphate receptor-mediated local rise in postsynaptic Ca 2ϩ and CaN activation accompanied by PKA inhibition, which requires AKAP150 as a bridging signaling molecule. Our data also illuminate a requirement for a clathrin-mediated internalization of GABA A receptors in expression of LTD GABA . Moreover, disruption of AKAP-PKA anchoring does not affect glutamatergic synapses onto DA neurons, suggesting that the PKA-AKAP-CaN complex is uniquely situated at GABA A receptor synapses in VTA DA neurons to regulate plasticity associated with GABA A receptors. Drug-induced modulation of GABAergic plasticity in the VTA through such novel signaling mechanisms has the potential to persistently alter the output of individual DA neurons and of the VTA, which may contribute to the reinforcing or addictive properties of drugs of abuse.
The Journal of Neuroscience
Multiple kinase activations contribute to long-term synaptic plasticity, a cellular mechanism mediating long-term memory. The sensorimotor synapse of Aplysia expresses different forms of long-term facilitation (LTF)-nonassociative and associative LTF-that require the timely activation of kinases, including protein kinase C (PKC). It is not known which PKC isoforms in the sensory neuron or motor neuron L7 are required to sustain each form of LTF. We show that different PKMs, the constitutively active isoforms of PKCs generated by calpain cleavage, in the sensory neuron and L7 are required to maintain each form of LTF. Different PKMs or calpain isoforms were blocked by overexpressing specific dominant-negative constructs in either presynaptic or postsynaptic neurons. Blocking either PKM Apl I in L7, or PKM Apl II or PKM Apl III in the sensory neuron 2 d after 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) treatment reversed persistent nonassociative LTF. In contrast, blocking either PKM Apl II or PKM Apl III in L7, or PKM Apl II in the sensory neuron 2 d after paired stimuli reversed persistent associative LTF. Blocking either classical calpain or atypical small optic lobe (SOL) calpain 2 d after 5-HT treatment or paired stimuli did not disrupt the maintenance of persistent LTF. Soon after 5-HT treatment or paired stimuli, however, blocking classical calpain inhibited the expression of persistent associative LTF, while blocking SOL calpain inhibited the expression of persistent nonassociative LTF. Our data suggest that different stimuli activate different calpains that generate specific sets of PKMs in each neuron whose constitutive activities sustain long-term synaptic plasticity.