"Maccabees, Books of the" (original) (raw)
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By accepting Assyrian rule and changing its status from independent monarchy to vassal kingdom, Judah became one of only a handful of small kingdoms to survive the Assyrian conquest of Syria and the Levant in the second half of the eighth century BCE. Shortly after Ahaz ascended the throne in 732 BCE, he traveled to Damascus in order to surrender to Tiglath-pileser III. As was the case in other kingdoms in the peripheral regions of the empire that submitted to Assyrian demands , the ruling Judean elite were allowed to remain in power and were granted autonomy. In exchange, the Assyrians imposed vassal obligations on Judah, including the payment of an annual tribute (not only in material goods but in labor as well), sending intelligence reports and information about political and military matters in the area, taking part in Assyrian military campaigns, and supplying the Assyrian army during its battles. These obligations were monitored by an Assyr-ian official and had immediate consequences on Judah's material culture, as well as its local administration and economy. In this paper I claim that the subjection of Judah to Assyria in the early days of King Ahaz and the change in its status from independent state to vassal kingdom was the most significant and influential event in its entire history-economically as well as administratively. It marked the beginning of a roughly six-hundred-year period during which Judah remained under the rule of great empires, first as an Assyrian, Egyptian, and Babylonian vassal kingdom (from 732 to 586 BCE), and then as a Babylonian, Persian, Ptolemaic, and Seleucid province (from 586 to the middle of the second century BCE, when the Hasmonaean State was established). The administrative and economic arrangements that were established by the Assyrians and developed by the local Judean leadership remained in effect and continued to develop during the following centuries, and they gave rise to some of the most typical and well-known characteristics of the Judean economy, administration, and material culture. The persistence of these characteristics over such a long span of time in the economy, administration, and material culture of Judah stands as the best indication of just how well-suited they were to the Judean elite and ruling classes, and just how much a part they were of an inner development that reflects not only what this elite could and would accept and agree to, but also what it would pay to the ruling empires in order to protect national and cultic independence inside