Assessment of Recombination in the S-segment Genome of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Iran (original) (raw)
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Genetic Diversity of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Strains from Iran
Journal of arthropod-borne diseases, 2016
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a member of the Bunyaviridae family and Nairovirus genus. It has a negative-sense, single stranded RNA genome approximately 19.2 kb, containing the Small, Medium, and Large segments. CCHFVs are relatively divergent in their genome sequence and grouped in seven distinct clades based on S-segment sequence analysis and six clades based on M-segment sequences. Our aim was to obtain new insights into the molecular epidemiology of CCHFV in Iran. We analyzed partial and complete nucleotide sequences of the S and M segments derived from 50 Iranian patients. The extracted RNA was amplified using one-step RT-PCR and then sequenced. The sequences were analyzed using Mega5 software. Phylogenetic analysis of partial S segment sequences demonstrated that clade IV-(Asia 1), clade IV-(Asia 2) and clade V-(Europe) accounted for 80 %, 4 % and 14 % of the circulating genomic variants of CCHFV in Iran respectively. However, one of the Iranian strains (Ir...
New circulating genomic variant of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Iran
Archives of Virology, 2013
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a viral infection that is caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). On May 27, 2012, a woman became ill after accidentally splashing cow's blood into her eyes. Serological and molecular investigations were carried out on the serum of the patient. The test results for serological testing were negative, but RT-PCR was strongly positive for CCHFV. A phylogenetic study on the CCHFV genome sequence showed 50 % similarity to a 520-bp region of Russian strains. By combining historical phylogenetic data and current data, it can be surmised that there are potentially more than five circulating CCHFV genomic variants in Iran. Keywords CCHF Á RT-PCR Á Phylogenetic Á Iran Á Russian strain Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an RNA virus that belongs to the genus Nairovirus of the family Bunyaviridae. The virus has a tripartite genome composed of
Molecular Epidemiology, Genomics, and Phylogeny of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, 2007
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) constitutes a group of viruses of the genus Nairovirus (family Bunyaviridae). Like all members of the Bunyaviridae, the genome of CCHFV is composed of tripartite single-stranded RNA. These segments, designated small (S), medium (M), and large (L), minimally encode the nucleocapsid (N), envelope glycoproteins (Gn and Gc), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), respectively [38]. Published descriptions of major epidemics, outbreaks, and the ecology of CCHFV have been reviewed extensively [18, 43, 45]. Interestingly a common theme is illustrated by the very wide distribution of the virus, which stretches over much of Asia, extending from the Xinjiang region of China to the Middle East and southern Russia, and to focal endemic areas over much of Africa and parts of southeastern Europe. Thus, CCHFV is the most widely distributed agent of severe haemorrhagic fever known. 5.2. MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY Classic serological methods have been important in determining CCHF distribution; however, these assays do not readily differentiate between alternative strains of CCHFV. In order to characterize viral strains in more detail and facilitate a global epidemiological study, molecular methods based on partial and complete sequence data of the S segment have been used to identify certain S segment genotypes [9, 13, 36]. These genotypes show a strong relationship to the geographical area of parent virus isolation, leading to the terminology Asia 1,
Journal of General Virology, 2005
The genus Nairovirus of the family Bunyaviridae includes the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) species group. The species is predominated by the hazard-group 4 pathogens, from which the name and majority of strain entries are derived. Additionally, the species embraces hazard-group 2 viruses that are classified as members by antigenic cross-reactivity. CCHF viruses have a tripartite RNA genome consisting of large (L), medium (M) and small (S) segments. Here, the sequence characterization of previously undescribed L and S segments from novel strains originating in the Middle East and Africa is reported. Further scrutiny of this data with phylogenetic tools, in the context of other publicly available sequence information, reveals analogous grouping patterns between the L and S segments. These groups correlate with the geographical distribution of strain isolation and indicate that the L and S segments of CCHF viruses have evolved together.
Emergence of a New Genotype of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Iran
Background and Aims: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a fatal viral disease that occurs in approximately 30 countries. It has the most extensive geographic range among the tick-borne viruses that affect human health. CCHF viruses have a tripartite RNA genome consisting of large (L), medium (M) and small (S) segments. This study was undertaken to determine the genetic relationship of CCHF viruses in tick population of West Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, RT-PCR method was used for detection of the CCHFV genome based on S segment. The phylogenetic relationship among the Iranian CCHF virus and also between these variants and those from other regions of the world was identified. Results: Two genotypes of CCHF virus were in circulation in Iran (Asia1& Europe 1). We were the first to demonstrate the presence of Europe 1 genotype of CCHF virus in Iran. Conclusion: Further epidemiologic studies including, CCHFV complete genome analysis and implementation of improved surveillance are urgently needed to better predict and respond to CCHF outbreaks in Iran and Middle East region.
Journal of Clinical Virology, 2011
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) (family Bunyaviridae, genus Nairovirus) is transmitted to humans by Hyalomma ticks or infected livestock and causes a hemorrhagic fever with high case fatality rate. The negative strand RNA genome of the virus is divided into three segments. The S segment encodes the nucleoprotein (N), the M segment the glycoprotein precursor(GPC), and the L segment the viral polymerase (L). The virus is
Evidence of Segment Reassortment In Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus
Journal of General …, 2004
The complete nucleotide sequences of the small (S) and medium (M) segments of three independent strains of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus isolated in Uzbekistan, Iraq and Pakistan have been determined. Partial S and M segment sequences from two additional strains and partial large segment sequences from five strains of CCHF virus have also been obtained. These data have been compiled and compared with published full-length and partial sequences of other CCHF virus strains. Analysis of virus strains for which complete and partial S and M segment sequences are available reveals that the phylogenetic grouping of some strains differ between these two segments. Data provided in this report suggest that this discrepancy is not the result of recombination, but rather the consequence of reassortment events that have occurred in some virus lineages. Although described in other genera of the Bunyaviridae family, this is the first report of segment reassortment occurring in the Nairovirus genus.
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2020
Being an endemic country for Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), this study aimed to explore the genetic diversity of CCHF virus (CCHFV) detected in Pakistan during 2019. Serum samples from patients with clinical signs of hemorrhagic fever attending tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan were tested for CCHFV RNA using real-time PCR at Department of Virology, National Institute of Health. The partial S-gene fragments were directly sequenced to determine the prevailing CCHFV genotypes and their molecular epidemiology in Pakistan. During January-December 2019, 280 samples from suspected CCHF patients were tested and 28 (10%) were found positive on real-time PCR. Positive cases were detected from 14 districts and across all four provinces of Pakistan with majority reported during August-September. The mean age of CCHFV positive patients was 37.25 years (range 5-65 years) with a high frequency in males (92.8%; n = 26) and a case fatality rate of 40.7% was observed. Phylogenetic analysi...