A Case of Methotrexate Intoxication Misdiagnosed as Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (original) (raw)
Related papers
2011
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a viral zoonotic tick-born disease with a mortality rate of up to 50% in humans. The CCHF Virus (CCHFV) is from the genus Nairovirus and family Bunyaviridae. After a short incubation period, the disease is characterized by sudden fever, chills, severe headache, dizziness, back, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, hemorrhagic manifestations, ranging from petechiae to large areas of ecchymosis develop. CCHF is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected tick and by direct contact with blood or tissue from infected humans and livestock. Since from 1999, establishment of a surveillance and laboratory detection system on viral hemorrhagic fevers particularly on CCHF has had benefits. One of which is the fact that a mortality rate approaching 6% in the year 2007. The present article reviews on the epidemiological and clinical features of CCHF; moreover, treatment, prevention and control strategies with a special focus on oral Ribavirin as a choice of medical treatment.
Crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever a threat
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a tick borne zoonotic infection caused by the arbo-virus, which is a member of the genus Nairovirus (family Bunyaviridae) and is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, chills, severe headache, dizziness, malaise, abdominal and back pains also in some cases diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, sore throat and thrombocytopenia. In severe cases, hemorrhagic expressions, grading from petechiae to huge areas of ecchymosis, may also raise. Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a challenge for the people of endemic rural regions, and for veterinary and health care personnel, and shows a significant mortality. The disease is broadly distributed in Africa, Asia and Europe, and has become a serious threat to public health. Several genera of ixodid ticks contribute both as reservoir and vector for CCHFV; on the other hand, Hyalomma genus of ticks are mainly essential to the bionomics of this virus. Thus, contact to these ticks acts a main threat for catching disease; though, additional main risk factors are identified and are discoursed in this article.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a comprehensive review
Veterinary World, 2013
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is an emerging tick-born zoonotic disease in India which is caused by Nairovirus of Bunyaviridae family. CCHF is reported from about 30 countries of the world. An outbreak of CCHF has been reported two years back in Gujarat which killed four people including two physicians, one nurse and a rural housewife. Tick bite, contact with infected material and nosocomial routes are the main routes of infection. This disease is not much important in animals as animals are asymptomatic but domestic livestock play a vital role in the transmission of disease to humans. So the persons associated with animals like veterinarians, farmers and slaughter house workers are also at the high risk of getting the infection. The disease has a great public health importance. Rapid diagnosis of disease is very important. The advent of molecular techniques including real-time PCR allow the rapid diagnosis of CCHF. There are limited treatment options for CCHF. Ribavirin is the only known drug which is effective against CCHF.
2011
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a viral zoonotic tick-born disease with a mortality rate of up to 50% in humans. The CCHF Virus (CCHFV) is from the genus Nairovirus and family Bunyaviridae. After a short incubation period, the disease is characterized by sudden fever, chills, severe headache, dizziness, back, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, hemorrhagic manifestations, ranging from petechiae to large areas of ecchymosis develop. CCHF is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected tick and by direct contact with blood or tissue from infected humans and livestock. Since from 1999, establishment of a surveillance and laboratory detection system on viral hemorrhagic fevers particularly on CCHF has had benefits. One of which is the fact that a mortality rate approaching 6% in the year 2007. The present article reviews on the epidemiological and clinical features of CCHF; moreover, treatment, prevention and control strategies with a special focus on oral Ribavirin as a cho...
Crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever a threat to public health
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a tick borne zoonotic infection caused by the arbo-virus, which is a member of the genus Nairovirus (family Bunyaviridae) and is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, chills, severe headache, dizziness, malaise, abdominal and back pains also in some cases diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, sore throat and thrombocytopenia. In severe cases, hemorrhagic expressions, grading from petechiae to huge areas of ecchymosis, may also raise. Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a challenge for the people of endemic rural regions, and for veterinary and health care personnel, and shows a significant mortality. The disease is broadly distributed in Africa, Asia and Europe, and has become a serious threat to public health. Several genera of ixodid ticks contribute both as reservoir and vector for CCHFV; on the other hand, Hyalomma genus of ticks are mainly essential to the bionomics of this virus. Thus, contact to these ticks acts a main threat for catching disease; though, additional main risk factors are identified and are discoursed in this article.
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: Assessment of four mild cases in Kahramanmaras
2011
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), usually acquired through a tickle bite, is a viral disease with high mortality and morbidity. Typical symptoms are fever, headache, profound malaise, nausea and hemorrhagic manifestations. In this study, we aim to discuss the clinical features of four patients with CCHF infections diagnosed by ELISA and PCR since 2008 in Kahramanmaras. Three cases were men and one was woman and mean age was 54 (min-max:34 -74). They came from Andirin region of Kahramanmaras city. All of them were farmers and had anamnesis of tick bite. The common symptoms in all cases were fever, headache and nausea. Three cases had bleeding symptoms (each one from the nose, teeth and vagina). The fourth case had no bleeding. Common blood test revealed leukopenia, trombositopenia, and high liver enzymes (ALT, AST). Three patients had elevated Lactic Dehydrogenase and two cases had elevated Creatinin Kinase. Similar medical therapy such as ribavirin, antibiotics, stomach protec...
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Review
2009
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is one of the most widely distributed viral hemorrhagic fevers with a high case fatality rate. This virus is a member of the genus Nairovirus in the family Bunyaviridae. The disease was first discovered in the Crimean region of Russia in the 1940s and is now reported in many regions of the world. The virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of Ixodid tick mostly of the Hyalomma genus or by contact with blood or tissues from human patients or infected livestock .Virus spreads from the initial infection site to regional lymph nodes, liver and spleen. At these sites, the virus infects tissue macrophages including Kupffer cells and dendritic cells. Horizontal transmission from a mother to her child has also been reported. Fever, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, abdominal pain and vomiting, sore throat, conjunctivitis, jaundice, photophobia and various sensory and mood alterations may develop after infection. Diagnosis is done with microscopic examination, immunoassay technique and nucleic acid detection test. Ribavirin orally and parenterally, specific immunoglobulin CCHF-Venin and vaccine for CCHF derived from inactivated mouse brain is used for treatment but the efficacy of this vaccine is not well quantified. Avoiding virus exposure, tick control, vertebrate control and barrier nursing of patients would be essential for prevention of disease.