HPLC with Fluorescence Detection for Determination of Bisphenol A in Canned Vegetables: Optimization, Validation and Application to Samples from Portuguese and Spanish Markets (original) (raw)
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Bisphenol A is a synthetic chemical found in plastics and listed as an endocrine disruptor. BPA is a propensity to migrate into foods stored in materials containing it. In this study, the concentration of BPA was determined in nine different food products packaged with polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics. For each food product, four samples were bought from the local markets. Samples were extracted by liquid/liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction and analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with a fluorescence detector. BPA concentrations were 4.28±1.79 µg/kg in yoghurt, 12.51±3.87µg/L in strawberry-flavoured drink, 13.33±5.75µg/kg in cheese,14.93±6.55µg/kg in margarine, 20.91±8.60µg/L in grape molasses,24.72±7.61µg/kg in sunflower oil, 33.48±17.4 µg/L in apple vinegar, 33.89±7.65 µg/kg in pasteurized milk and, 72.77± 20.6 µg/L in the bottled water sample. Only the water samples had more BPA than the European Commission limit for BPA in food. We concluded that BPA contamination is common in many market products.
Analysis of Bisphenol a in Indonesian Canned Food by Gas Chromatography
International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 2018
Objective: This study aimed to design and optimize a gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) method to determine the bisphenol A (BPA)content in Indonesian canned food samples.Methods: GC with Hewlett-Packard-1 capillary columns (length, 30 m; inside diameter, 0.25 mm; and film thickness, 0.25 μm) was used with a columntemperature of 150°C that was programmed to increase by 10°C/min to 260°C. Injector and detector temperatures were 280 and 300°C, respectively,the gas flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and injection volume was 3.0 μL. Three types of canned food samples were prepared by ethyl acetate extraction andstored under four different conditions (4–8°C, 25–30°C, 40°C for 30 min, and 40°C for 60 min) to determine BPA migration levels.Results: Method validation (system compatibility, selectivity, calibration curve linearity, accuracy, and precision) was acceptable for BPAconcentrations ranging from 2 to 15 μg/mL, with a coefficient of correlation of 0.99983. The limits of d...
Analytical methods for the determination of bisphenol A in food
Journal of Chromatography A, 2009
Food constitutes the primary route for human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), one of the highest volume chemicals produced worldwide. The estrogenic properties of BPA, its wide dispersive use and the recent extensive literature describing low-dose BPA effects in animals, have raised concerns about its possible adverse effects on human health. A reliable health risk assessment of BPA relies basically on its unambiguous identification and accurate quantification in food, and the aim of the present review is to give an overview of the analytical methods reported so far for the determination of BPA in these matrices. Emphasis is placed on the main strategies developed for sample treatment, which usually consists of several laborious and time-consuming steps in order to achieve the required sensitivity and selectivity. Separation, identification and quantitation of BPA is today reliably made with mass spectrometric methods, namely liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and thus main attention is devoted to these techniques, but other methods using LC coupled to fluorescence or electrochemical detection, as well as immunochemical methods are also covered. Recent and expected future developments are discussed.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008
Bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol B (BPB) concentrations were determined in peeled canned tomatoes of different brands bought in Italian supermarkets. Tomato samples analyzed were packaged in cans coated with either epoxyphenolic lacquer or low BADGE enamel. A solid phase extraction (SPE) was performed on C-18 Strata E cartridge followed by a step on Florisil cartridge. Detection and quantitation were performed by a reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with both UV and fluorescence detection (FD). On the total of 42 tested tomato samples, BPA was detected in 22 samples (52.4%), while BPB was detected in 9 samples (21.4%). BPA and BPB were simultaneously present in 8 of the analyzed samples. The levels of BPA found in this study are much lower than the European Union migration limits of 3 mg/kg food and reasonably unable to produce a daily intake exceeding the limit of 0.05 mg/kg body weight, established by European Food Safety Authority.
Levels Of Bisphenol A And Bisphenol F In Canned Foods In Iranian Markets
2011
Bisphenol A and bisphenol F are chemical substances widely used in industry as monomers in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonates, and as antioxidants in PVC. Epoxy resins are used as inner surface coating of food and beverage cans. The contamination of cans' content by bisphenol A and bisphenol F may pose a serious threat to human because of their estrogenic activity. In this study, the concentration of bisphenol A and bisphenol F in 48 cans of different kinds of foods (corn, tomato paste, stew and tuna fish) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after solvent extraction with acetonitrile and preconcentration by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). Quantitative analysis was carried out based on spiked calibration samples and analyses were performed for each sample in triplicate. Bisphenol F was not detected in any of the canned foods with detection limits of 0.10 µg/kg . There were significant differences among the mean concentrations of bisphenol A in all kinds of canned foods. The mean concentrations of bisphenol A increased significantly all samples after heating in (ANOVA p<0.05 and Kruskal-Wallis test p<0.05); also tuna fish samples were found to be probably the most polluted groups in this study.
Journal of Chromatographic Science, 2018
Gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection was used for separation, detection and quantification of bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and some of its reaction products, namely, BADGE•HCl•H 2 O, BADGE•H 2 O and BADGE•2HCl in pure form and in canned foods, where canned beans and tuna were used as representatives of aqueous and oilin-water food matrices, respectively. The proposed method had a linear range of 0.01-0.5 μg g −1 for BADGE•HCl•H 2 O, BADGE•H 2 O, BADGE•2HCl and 0.02-0.7 μg g −1 for BADGE in aqueous food matrices. In oil-in-water matrices, the method was proven to be sensitive over a linear range of 0.01-0.5 μg g −1 for BADGE•HCl•H 2 O, BADGE•H 2 O and 0.02-0.7 μg g −1 for BADGE•2HCl and BADGE. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.24 to 1.22 ng g −1 and 0.73 to 14.07 ng g −1 , respectively. Excellent intraday and interday precision (n = 9) were obtained with RSD% of 0.84-2.19% and 1.88-2.52%, respectively. Accuracy was measured at five concentration levels and the recoveries ranged from 96.31% to 98.76% with an acceptable variation of ±0.9-2.87. Results suggest that the proposed method could be applied for the routine analysis of the studied compounds in their laboratoryprepared mixtures and in various types of canned foods following the limits and regulations of the European Union.
MethodsX, 2021
In the current work, a rapid and simple dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method (DLLME) was used to determine Bisphenol A (BPA). High performance liquid chromatography with the photodiode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) coupled DLLME method was employed to analyze BPA in food samples packaged including cans, paper boxes, and glass jars. The calibration curve was obtained to be in the linear range 0.009-25 ngg −1 with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9981. The mean relative standard deviations (RSDs) was of 5.2% (n = 3). The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method were obtained to be 0.001 ngg −1 and 0.08 ng.g −1 , respectively. In sum, this method presents: • A rapid, simple and efficient modified DLLME method was used to measure BPA in packaged foods. • The advantages of this method were low detection limit, fast preparation, and high BPA recovery. • The DLLME-HPLC method consists of low detection limit and high recoveries to determine BPA in samples. • The results indicated that DLLME-HPLC-DAD was an applied method to measure BPA in food samples.
Determination of Bisphenol a in Beverages by RP-HPLC
The Journal "Agriculture and Forestry"
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer widely used in the production of polycarbonate, epoxy resins, diacrylates and phenolic resins. A small quantity of BPA can migrate into the food and thus it can be potential hazard for human health and environment. Therefore, quantitative determination of BPA is of a great importance. A fast, simple, precise and economic RP-HPLC method with UV-DAD detection for quantitative determination of BPA in beverages was developed. Three different analytical columns were tested: Hypersil ODS (250 mm x 4.6 mm; 5 µm), LiChrospher 60 RP-Select B (125 mm x 4 mm; 5 µm) and Purospher ® STAR RP-18 endcapped (30 mm x 4 mm; 3 µm). Analyzed beverages were packed in plastic bottles and small glass bottles closed with a cops coated with epoxy resin on inside. For quantitative determination of BPA following experimental conditions were established: mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile/water 50/50 (v/v), flow rate of 1 mL/min, column temperature of 25 o С, injection volume of 5 µL and UV detection at 200 nm. The method was developed in an isocratic manner and with a reversed phase column. Prior the analyses the samples were filtrated through syringe filters Spartan-T with pore size 0.45 µm. The following parameters were determined: retention time, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, accuracy, selectivity and sensitivity. The RP-HPLC method with UV-DAD detection can be successfully used for quantitative determination of BPA in nonalcoholic beverages without pre-treatment. The BPA was not detected in the analyzed beverages.
Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 2008
A several-year survey (2000–2006) documents a continuing occurrence of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), including their derivatives, migrating from packaging into food. A wide range of bisphenols levels (from traces up to hundreds µg/kg) in canned foodstuffs available at the Czech retail market was found. An analytical procedure suitable for routine monitoring of bisphenols in various matrices was validated. Crude extracts (obtained by dichloromethane extraction in ultrasonic bath) were purified by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), identification/quantification was carried out by HPLC/FLD method. Optimised procedure allowed to measure trace levels of the target analytes (LODs – 3 µg/kg) with good repeatability (RSDs – 3% at level 100 µg/kg) and recoveries exceeding 75%.
Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2012
A procedure has been developed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in foods by gas chro matography/mass spectrometry as 2,2 bis (4 (isopropoxycarbonyloxy)phenyl)propane formed in the reac tion with isopropyl chloroformate. Optimal conditions have been found for BPA derivatization, providing its quantitative conversion into diether derivative in aqueous media. The concentration of BPA has been deter mined in some samples of canned foods and beverages (from 2.15 to 42.91 ng/g). The detection limit is 0.05-0.1 ng/g.