Prehydration shifts the cytokine response towards a more anti-inflammatory balance during human endotoxemia (original) (raw)
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Journal of Endotoxin Research, 2005
Endotoxin administration to both animals and humans is a widely used model to investigate the pathophysiological characteristics of sepsis. Animal experiments indicate that the inflammatory response to endotoxin is affected by hydration status. Experiments in rats have demonstrated that in a state of dehydration, endotoxininduced fever is significantly higher, an effect that can be eradicated by the administration of a dose of sterilized water prior to the endotoxin. 1 Both volume and osmolarity may play a role in the modulation of the immune system. In sepsis as well as in trauma patients, the infusion of hypertonic solutions is an accepted method for fast volume resuscitation that also exerts immunomodulatory effects. 2,3 Interestingly, the administration of iso-osmolar fluids in human endotoxemia is widely applied since the clinical impression of experienced investigators suggests that it reduces endotoxininduced symptoms. This observation may indicate that besides the known immunomodulatory effects of hypertonic solutions, iso-osmolar fluids also exert an effect on
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