Twist1 Influences the Expression of Leading Members of the IL-17 Signaling Pathway in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells (original) (raw)
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Breast Cancer Research, 2012
High TWIST1 mRNA expression is associated with poor prognosis in lymph node-negative and estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer and is co-expressed with stromal as well as ECM related genes Abstract Introduction: The TWIST homolog 1 (TWIST1) is a transcription factor that induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key process in metastasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether TWIST1 expression predicts disease progression in a large breast cancer cohort with long-term clinical follow-up, and to reveal the biology related to TWIST1 mediated disease progression. Methods: TWIST1 mRNA expression level was analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 1,427 primary breast cancers. In uni-and multivariate analysis using Cox regression, TWIST1 mRNA expression level was associated with metastasis-free survival (MFS), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Separate analyses in lymph node-negative patients (LNN, n = 778) who did not receive adjuvant systemic therapy, before and after stratification into estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (n = 552) and ER-negative (n = 226) disease, were also performed. The association of TWIST1 mRNA with survival endpoints was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Using gene expression arrays, genes showing a significant Spearman rank correlation with TWIST1 were used to identify overrepresented Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)-annotated biological pathways.
Oncogene, 2012
TWIST1 is a highly conserved basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Its misregulation has been observed in various types of tumors. Using the MCF-10A-series of cell lines that recapitulate the early stages of breast cancer formation and EMT, we found TWIST1 to be upregulated during EMT and downregulated early in carcinogenesis. The TWIST1 3 0 UTR contains putative regulatory elements, including miRNA target sites and two cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements (CPE). We found that miR-580, CPEB1, and CPEB2 act as negative regulators of TWIST1 expression in a sequence-specific and additive/cooperative manner.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF TWIST1 IN INVASIVE DUCT CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST
Twist1 is a key transcription factor, which confers tumor cells with cancer stem cell (CSC)-like characteristics and enhances epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pathological conditions including tumor malignancy and metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the expression patterns and clinical significance of Twist1 in invasive duct carcinoma of the breast. The cytoplasmic and nuclear expressions of Twist1 were examined in 70 tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry. The association between expression patterns of this marker and clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed separately. Twist1 was localized to the cytoplasm of tumor cells in (21.4%) of cases. It was localized to the nucleus of tumor cells in (48.6%) of cases. Increased cytoplasmic expression of Twist1 was associated with smaller tumor size (P = 0.011). Nuclear Twist1 was positively correlated with higher grade tumors (P = 0.002), lymph node status (>3 lymph nodes) (P = 0.049), poor Nottingham prognostic index (p=0.043), ER and PR negativity (p=0.048 and 0.016 respectively), Molecular subtypes (p=0.038) and distant metastasis (p=0.001). Increased nuclear expression of Twist1 had a critical role in worse prognosis in breast cancer. These findings suggest that nuclear, rather than cytoplasmic expression of Twist1 can be considered as a prognostic and therapeutic marker for targeted therapy of breast cancer patients.
eLife, 2020
Metastasis is a major cause of cancer mortality. We generated an autochthonous transgenic mouse model whereby conditional expression of MYC and Twist1 enables hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to metastasize in >90% of mice. MYC and Twist1 cooperate and their sustained expression is required to elicit a transcriptional program associated with the activation of innate immunity, through secretion of a cytokinome that elicits recruitment and polarization of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). Systemic treatment with Ccl2 and Il13 induced MYC-HCCs to metastasize; whereas, blockade of Ccl2 and Il13 abrogated MYC/Twist1-HCC metastasis. Further, in 33 human cancers (n = 9502) MYC and TWIST1 predict poor survival (p=4.3×10−10), CCL2/IL13 expression (p<10−109) and TAM infiltration (p<10−96). Finally, in the plasma of patients with HCC (n = 25) but not cirrhosis (n = 10), CCL2 and IL13 were increased and IL13 predicted invasive tumors. Therefore, MYC and TWIST1 generally appear to coop...
Krüppel-like factor 17 (KLF17), a member of the KLF transcription factor family, has been shown to inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor growth. However, the expression, the cellular function and the mechanism of KLF17 in endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC; a dominant type of endometrial cancer) remain elusive. Here, we report that among the KLF family members, KLF17 was consistently upregulated in EEC cell lines compared with immortalized endometrial epithelial cells. Overexpression of KLF17 in EEC cell lines induced EMT and promoted cell invasion and drug resistance, resulting in increased expression of TWIST1. In contrast, KLF17 suppression reversed EMT, diminished cell invasion, restored drug sensitivity and suppressed TWIST1 expression. Luciferase assays, site-directed mutagenesis and transcription factor DNA-binding analysis demonstrated that KLF17 transactivates TWIST1 expression by directly binding to the TWIST1 promoter. Knockdown of TWIST1 prevented KLF17-induced EMT. Consistent with these results, both KLF17 and TWIST1 levels were found to be elevated in EECs compared with normal tissues. KLF17 expression positively correlated with tumor grade but inversely correlated with estrogen and progesterone receptor expression. Thus, KLF17 may have an oncogenic role during EEC progression via initiating EMT through the regulation of TWIST1.
Twist1 induces distinct cell states depending on TGFBR1-activation
Oncotarget, 2016
Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Twist1 is a master regulator of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), a cellular program implicated in different stages of development as well as metastatic dissemination of carcinomas. Here, we show that Twist1 requires TGF-beta type-I receptor (TGFBR1)-activation to bind an enhancer region of downstream effector ZEB1, thereby inducing ZEB1 transcription and EMT. When TGFBR1-phosphorylation is inhibited, Twist1 generates a distinct cell state characterized by collective invasion, simultaneous proliferation and expression of endothelial markers. By contrast, TGFBR1-activation directs Twist1 to induce stable mesenchymal transdifferentiation through EMT, thereby generating cells that display single-cell invasion, but lose their proliferative capacity. In conclusion, preventing Twist1-induced EMT by inhibiting TGFβ-signaling does not generally block acquisition of invasion, but switches mode from single-cell/non-proliferative to collective...
Twist modulates breast cancer stem cells by transcriptional regulation of CD24 expression
Neoplasia (New York, NY), 2009
The cancer stem cell paradigm postulates that dysregulated tissue-specific stem cells or progenitor cells are precursors for cancer biogenesis. Consequently, identifying cancer stem cells is crucial to our understanding of cancer progression and for the development of novel therapeutic agents. In this study, we demonstrate that the overexpression of Twist in breast cells can promote the generation of a breast cancer stem cell phenotype characterized by the high expression of CD44, little or no expression of CD24, and increased aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 activity, independent of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition, Twist-overexpressing cells exhibit high efflux of Hoechst 33342 and Rhodamine 123 as a result of increased expression of ABCC1 (MRP1) transporters, a property of cancer stem cells. Moreover, we show that transient expression of Twist can induce the stem cell phenotype in multiple breast cell lines and that decreasing Twist expression by short hairpin RNA in Twist-overexpressing transgenic cell lines MCF-10A/Twist and MCF-7/Twist as well as in MDA-MB-231 partially reverses the stem cell molecular signature. Importantly, we show that inoculums of only 20 cells of the Twist-overexpressing CD44 + /CD24 -/low subpopulation are capable of forming tumors in the mammary fat pad of severe combined immunodeficient mice. Finally, with respect to mechanism, we provide data to indicate that Twist transcriptionally regulates CD24 expression in breast cancer cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate the direct involvement of Twist in generating a breast cancer stem cell phenotype through down-regulation of CD24 expression and independent of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Twist-1 Up-Regulation in Carcinoma Correlates to Poor Survival
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2014
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) facilitates tumor metastasis. Twist is a basic helix-loop-helix protein that modulates many target genes through E-box-responsive elements. There are two twist-like proteins, Twist-1 and Twist-2, sharing high structural homology in mammals. Twist-1 was found to be a key factor in the promotion of metastasis of cancer cells, and is known to induce EMT. Twist-1 participation in carcinoma progression and metastasis has been reported in a variety of tumors. However, controversy exists concerning the correlation between Twist-1 and prognostic value with respect to carcinoma. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to determine whether the expression of Twist-1 was associated with the prognosis of carcinoma patients. This analysis included 17 studies: four studies evaluated lung cancer, three evaluated head and neck cancer, two evaluated breast cancer, two evaluated esophageal cancer, two evaluated liver cancer and one each evaluated osteosarcoma, bladder, cervical and ovarian cancer. A total of 2006 patients
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 2008
TWIST1, an antiapoptotic and prometastatic transcription factor, is overexpressed in many epithelial cancers including breast. Only little is known regarding the regulation of TWIST1 in these cancers. Recently, an increase in the TWIST1 promoter methylation has been shown in breast cancers. To correlate the percentage of TWIST1 promoter methylation to the protein levels, we analyzed simultaneously the methylation status as well as the mRNA and the percentage of cells expressing TWIST1 in normal breast tissue and 76 invasive breast cancers. We found that TWIST1 promoter methylation is significantly more prevalent in malignant compared with healthy breast tissue. Furthermore, the percentage of cells expressing TWIST1 was greater in breast malignancy compared with matched healthy tissue from the same patients. There was no correlation, however, between TWIST1 promoter methylation and TWIST1 protein or RNA expression. This indicates that although TWIST1 CpG methylation is useful as a bi...
KLF17 is a negative regulator of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastasis in breast cancer
Nature Cell Biology, 2009
Metastasis is a complex multi-step process requiring the concerted action of many genes and is the primary cause of cancer deaths. Pathways that regulate metastasis enhancement and suppression both contribute to tumor dissemination process. In order to identify novel metastasis suppressors, we set up a forward genetic screen in a mouse model. We transduced a genome-wide RNAi library into the non-metastatic 168FARN breast cancer cell line, orthotopically transplanted the cells into mouse mammary fat pads, and then selected for cells that could metastasize to the lung and identified an RNAi for the KLF17 gene. Conversely, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of KLF17 in highly metastatic 4T1 breast cancer cell line inhibited their ability to metastasize from the mammary fat pad to the lung. We also show that suppression of KLF17 expression promotes breast cancer cell invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and that KLF17 functions by directly binding to the promoter of Id-1, a key metastasis regulator in breast cancer, to inhibit its transcription. Finally, we demonstrate that KLF17 expression is significantly down-regulated in primary human breast cancer samples and that the combined expression patterns of KLF17 and Id-1 can serve as a potential biomarker for lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.