Authorship pressures, malpractices and ethical issues (original) (raw)
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The Malversations of Authorship -Current Status in Academic Community and How to Prevent It
Aim: Aim of article was to evaluate knowledge and practice of authorship issues among the academic population in the medical field. Material and methods: Article has an analytical character and includes 69 academic workers (from the medical field, with the status of a regular employee of the Faculty of Medicine or a professional associate) who responded to the survey. Results: Within the total number of respondents in the study, 34.8% of them were added as coauthors, although they did not have any input in the writing process. Even 47.8% of the respondents were under psychological pressure, that they have to add their superiors to the list of authors, though they did not have any contribution at any stage of the article preparation, while 29% of the respondents had a tacit agreement about mutual adding to the author's list, and 36.2% added their superiors to the author's list, in order that the first author would get a permission to publish the article in a certain journal. Conclusion: The relationship between the author, the mentor, the data processing person, the person providing the moral support etc. must be established, and not all of them has a place in the list of authors, they should be given special places at the end of the article, a space for acknowledgements, where these people may be mentioned. The consciousness of the academic community must change for the purpose of the concrete progress of the academic community and the scientific contributions of its members.
Scientific misconducts and authorship conflicts: Indian perspective
Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2015
This article is a narrative review about how appropriate authorship can be achieved, a brief mention about various scientific misconducts, the reason and consequences of such misconducts and finally, the policies to be adopted by the aspiring authors to avert these problems. The literature search was performed in the Google and PubMed using 'scientific misconduct', 'honorary/ghost authorship', 'publish-or-perish', 'plagiarism' and other related key words and phrases. More than 300 free full-text articles published from 1990 to 2015 were retrieved and studied. Many consensus views have been presented regarding what constitutes authorship, the authorship order and different scientific misconducts. The conflicts about authorship issues related to publication of dissertation, the area of the grey zone have been discussed. Suggestions from different authorities about improving the existing inappropriate authorship issues have been included.
New developments in publishing related to authorship
Prilozi / Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite, Oddelenie za biološki i medicinski nauki = Contributions / Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Section of Biological and Medical Sciences, 2014
Aim: To present the inappropriate types of authorship and practice, and the most recent developments related to basic principles and criteria to a fair system for allocating authorship in scientific publications. Methods: An analysis of relevant materials and documents, sources from the internet and published literature and personal experience and observations of the author. Results: Working in multidisciplinary teams is a common feature of modern research processes. The most sensitive question is how to decide on who to acknowledge as author of a multi-authored publication. The pertinence of this question is growing with the increasing importance of individual ecords for professional status and career. However, discussions about authorship allocation might lead to serious conflicts and disputes among coworkers which could even endanger cooperation and successful completion of a research project. It seems that discussion and education about ethical standards and practical guidelines for fairly allocating authorship are insufficient and the question of ethical practices related to authorship in multi-authored publications remains generally unresolved. Conclusion: It is necessary to work for raising awareness about the importance and need for education about principles of scientific communication and fair allocation of authorship, ethics of research and publication of results. The use of various forms of education in the scientific community, especially young researchers and students, in order to create an ethical environment, is one of the most effective ways to prevent the emergence of scientific and publication dishonesty and fraud, including pathology of authorship.
The Ethical Assignment of Authorship in Scientific Publications: Issues and Guideline
Academic Emergency Medicine, 2008
Properly assigning authorship of academic papers is often an ethical challenge. Through a hypothetical case study, the authors examine some of the potential ethical issues involved in determining who should and should not be listed as an author: the problems of honorary authorship, coerced authorship, and ghost authorship, as well as the question of how to order authors. Guidelines for avoiding and negotiating these issues are also discussed. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2008; 15:963-969 ª
Responsible conduct of Research: Concept and Issues in Authorship
African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2020
In scholarly publication, authorship defines the roles played by an individual or a member of a team in creating and circulating an original work. It is therefore important to clearly understand who deserves to be an author in a publication. Also, the order or position of authors in a scholarly publication often leads to conflict among members of research teams. This is not helped by the advent of more technical reward systems for promotion, tenure and grants in many institutions, some of which give advantage to the position of some authors. In this paper, some common issues on authorship and peer review processes are discussed.
Perish or Publish Dilemma: Challenges to Responsible Authorship
Medicina
Controversies related to the concept and practice of responsible authorship and its misuse have been among the most prominent issues discussed in the recent literature on research integrity. Therefore, this paper aims to address the factors that lead to two major types of unethical authorship, namely, honorary and ghost authorship. It also highlights negative consequences of authorship misuse and provides a critical analysis of different authorship guidelines, including a recent debate on the amendments of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) authorship definition. Empirical studies revealed that honorary authorship was the most prevalent deviation from the responsible authorship standards. Three different modalities of honorary authorship were distinguished: gift authorship, guest authorship, and coercive authorship. Prevalence of authorship misuse worldwide and in Europe was alarmingly high, covering approximately one third of all scientific publications....
Education for health (Abingdon, England)
Scientific paper authorship is an important academic achievement for all research professionals. Being designated as an author of a paper has academic, research, social and financial implications. Signing of a manuscript as an author does confer credit but also transfers responsibility. While authors get credit for the published work, they must accept the public responsibility that goes with it. Over the past few years, there has been a rising trend in authorship abuses. The prevalent culture of "publish or perish" appears to be responsible for this. In an endeavor to ensure honest practice, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), the Vancouver Group, developed the criteria for authorship and said that "all persons designated as authors should qualify for authorship and all those who qualify should be listed." However, authorship irregularities continue to exist and are a cause of concern. Budding authors should be enlightened about concur...
A Primer on the Responsibilities and Abuses of Scientific Authorship
Public Health Nursing, 2010
Authorship is the coin of the academic realm. Authors receive public credit for contributing to the social good. They accrue substantial professional and personal rewards in the form of promotion, tenure, and salary. Having undergone expert peer review of their work, they enjoy a reputation for thoughtfulness, truthfulness, and trustworthiness. Thus, there is considerable incentive to become a published author. What is an ''Author''? The word ''author'' comes from the Latin word meaning ''to produce.'' By definition, authors engage in the production, creation, and origination of new material. Scientific authors in nursing and biomedical journals produce original material within a program of inquiry that builds in small steps toward solutions to human health problems. Authors interact within a broad, deep fellowship of other scholars in their fields. This creative process and its rewards come with considerable responsibility.