The effects of metallic engineered nanoparticles upon plant systems: An analytic examination of scientific evidence (original) (raw)
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Metal Nanoparticles – Their Use and Impact on Plants Growing in Laboratory Conditions
Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica, 2019
There is an increasing interest in nanotechnology all around the world. Nanoparticles differ from the classic material from which they are made in that they change their physical and chemical properties below certain sizes. Thanks to these properties, they are used both in scientific research, medicine and industry, and in recent years also in agriculture. Depending on the type of metal and size of the particules, however, their impact on plant development varies. There are different reports concerning the impact of nanoparticles on the growth and development of plants. In this paper, we gather the knowledge acquired up to now on the interactions of specified nanoparticles-of gold, silver, copper and platinum with plants cultivated in laboratory conditions. The existing research does not allow us to determine unequivocally what impact nanometals have on the plants. The properties that make them unique may have both a negative and positive impact on plants. In a great deal of research, the impact of the nanoparticles on the decrease of the plants' growth and formation of sorter shoots and roots was observed. A high concentration of nanoparticles was also decreasing the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance rates. The contact of plants with nanoparticles was also manifesting itself by an increased oxidative stress, as a result of which in plant tissues, an overproduction of reactive oxygen species damaging lipids of the cell membrane and the DNA was observed. A slower regeneration of plants and their dieback was frequently observed in the case of the addition of nanoparticles to nutrient mediums in the in vitro cultures. By carrying out a series of research with the use of nanoparticles, researchers concluded that their appropriate concentrations may be used in order to improve seed germination, increase growth and plant production as well as their protection and improvement of production of bioactive compounds.
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF CROP PLANTS TO METAL AND CARBON NANOPARTICLES (Atena Editora)
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF CROP PLANTS TO METAL AND CARBON NANOPARTICLES (Atena Editora), 2022
The fast development ofnanotechnology (NT) and the applicationof metal and carbon nanoparticles (NPs) toplants, disturbs their metabolic processesand influences positively or harmfully themorphophysiological responses. Numeroustypes of NPs employed as plant growthregulators, nanopesticides and nanofertilizers,have shown promising evidence so far forincreasing crop yields, and managing salt andwater stress at the field. Some metal-basedNPs are considered a biosafe material fororganisms. Earlier studies have demonstratedthe potential of some NPs for seed germinationstimulation and plant growth, as well as diseasesuppression and plant protection by virtue oftheir antimicrobial activity. In this article bothpositive and negative effects of metallic andcarbon NPs on plant growth and metabolismare documented. Uptake, translocation, andaccumulation of NPs by plants depend uponthe distinct features of the NPs as well as onthe physiology of the host plant. This reviewcontributes to the current understandingof the outcome of NPs in cultivated plants,their absorption, translocation, physiologicalresponses, and mitigation impacts to variousadverse conditions on plant growth. Theresults presented here correspond to theevaluation of NPs in more than 30 crops,belonging to 19 plant families.
INTERACTIONS OF PLANTS WITH NOBLE METAL NANOPARTICLES (review)
Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya, 2017
Gold and silver nanoparticles are used in a variety of biomedical practice as carriers of drugs, enhancers and/or converters of optical signal, immunomarkers, etc. The review examines a decade publications (2007-2016) pertaining to the various influence of nanoparticles of noble metals (gold and silver) on growth and productivity of higher plants. In fact, possible phytotoxicity of these nanoparticles is being actively studied for over 10 years. The topicality of this field of research is due to the detection of a number of natural and human-caused factors resulting in interactions of plants with nanoparticles (B.P. Colman et al., 2013; N.G. Khlebtsov et al., 2011). A positive or negative impact of nanoparticles on plants is little known, and the information is very contradictory (P. Manchikanti et al., 2010; M. Carrière et al., 2012; C. Remédios et al., 2012; N. Zuverza-Mena et al., 2016). In the study both model (Arabidopsis thaliana) and cultivated plants (soy, canola, beans, rice, radish, tomato, pumpkin, etc.) were involved. The discussed data are indicative of both positive and negative effects of metal nanoparticles on plants, as well as of the chemical nature, size, shape, surface charge, and the dose introduced being the major factors that are responsible for the processes of intracellular nanoparticle penetration. In general terms, it was mentioned that silver nanoparticles were more toxic as compared to gold ones being due to more active silver ion diffusion from the silver nanoparticle surface. Silver ions are known to inhibit effectively biosynthesis of ethylene-a phytohormone controlling processes of plant stress, aging etc., wherein gold ions do not influence ethylene biosynthesis and signaling. Considered all, metal ion toxicity exceeds considerably a toxicity of nanoparticles. The mechanism of the nanoparticle phytotoxic action is often connected with accumulation of active oxygen species in plant tissues. The use of cell suspension cultures may be a promising approach to study plant-nanoparticles interaction (E. Planchet et al., 2015). The period during which these studies are conducted is still small for elucidating all aspects with regard to biosafety. Contradictory (often conflicting) information on the impact of nanoparticles, in our opinion, is a result of diverse experimental conditions used. It is noted that while being clearly incomplete and contradictory, the obtained data suggest that a coordinated research program is needed that would detect correlations between particle parameters, experimental design, and the observed biological effects.
Ecotoxicology, 2019
We investigated the effects of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) that has been widely used for groundwater remediation on a terrestrial crop, Medicago sativa (Alfalfa), and comprehensively addressed its development and growth in soil culture. Root lengths, chlorophyll, carbohydrate and lignin contents were compared, and no physiological phytotoxicity was observed in the plants. In the roots, using an omics-based analytical, we found evidence of OH radical-induced cell wall loosening from exposure to nZVI, resulting in increased root lengths that were approximately 1.5 times greater than those of the control. Moreover, germination index (GI) was employed to physiologically evaluate the impact of nZVI on germination and root length. In regard to chlorophyll concentration, nZVI-treated alfalfa exhibited a higher value in 20-day-old seedlings, whereas the carbohydrate and lignin contents were slightly decreased in nZVI-treated alfalfa. Additionally, evidence for translocation of nZVI into plant tissues was also found. Vibrating sample magnetometry on shoots revealed the translocation of nZVI from the root to shoot. In this study, using an edible crop as a representative model, the potential impact of reactive engineered nanomaterials that can be exposed to the ecosystem on plant is discussed.
Ecotoxicology, 2014
10 Abstract The expansion of nanotechnology raises con-11 cerns about the consequences of nanomaterials in plants. 12 Here, the effects of nanoparticles (NPs; 100-500 mg/kg) 13 on processes related to micronutrient accumulation were 14 evaluated in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) exposed to CuO 15 NPs, a mixture of CuO and ZnO (CuO:ZnO) NPs, and in 16 CuO NP-exposed plants colonized by a root bacterium, 17 Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 (PcO6) in a sand matrix for 18 7 days. Depending on exposure levels, the inhibition of 19 growth by CuO NPs was more apparent in roots (10-66 %) 20 than shoots (9-25 %) by CuO NPs. In contrast, CuO:ZnO 21 NPs or root colonization with PcO6 partially mitigated 22 growth inhibition. At 500 mg/kg exposure, CuO NPs 23 increased soluble Cu in the growth matrix by 23-fold, 24 relative to the control, while CuO:ZnO NPs increased 25 soluble Cu (26-fold), Zn (127-fold) and Ca (4.5-fold), but 26 reduced levels of Fe (0.8-fold) and Mn (0.75-fold). Shoot 27 accumulations of Cu (3.8-fold) and Na (1-fold) increased, 28 while those of Fe (0.4-fold), Mn (0.2-fold), Zn (0.5-fold) 29 and Ca (0.5-fold) were reduced with CuO NP (500 mg/kg) 30 exposure. CuO:ZnO NPs also increased shoot Cu, Zn and 31 Na levels, while decreasing that of Fe, Mn, Ca and Mg. 32 Root colonization reduced shoot uptake of Cu and Na, 15 33 and 24 %, respectively. CuO NPs inhibited ferric reductase 34 (up to 49 %) but stimulated cupric (up to 273 %) reductase 35 activity; while CuO:ZnO NPs or root colonization by PcO6 36 altered levels of ferric, but not copper reductase activity, 37 relative to CuO NPs. Cu ions at the level released from the 38 NPs did not duplicate these effects. Our findings demon-39 strate that in addition to the apparent toxic effects of NPs, 40 NP exposure may also have subtle impacts on secondary 41 processes such as metal nutrition. 42 43 Keywords Metal oxide nanoparticles Á Plant nutrition Á 44 Soil bacteria Á Solubility Á Bioaccumulation Á Reductase 45 A1 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this A2 article (
Application of Nanoparticles Alleviates Heavy Metals Stress and Promotes Plant Growth: An Overview
Nanomaterials, 2020
Nanotechnology is playing a significant role in addressing a vast range of environmental challenges by providing innovative and effective solutions. Heavy metal (HM) contamination has gained considerable attention in recent years due their rapidly increasing concentrations in agricultural soil. Due to their unique physiochemical properties, nanoparticles (NPs) can be effectively applied for stress alleviation. In this review, we explore the current status of the literature regarding nano-enabled agriculture retrieved from the Web of Science databases and published from January 2010 to November 2020, with most of our sources spanning the past five years. We briefly discuss uptake and transport mechanisms, application methods (soil, hydroponic and foliar), exposure concentrations, and their impact on plant growth and development. The current literature contained sufficient information about NPs behavior in plants in the presence of pollutants, highlighting the alleviation mechanism to...
Impact of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Plant: A Critical Review
Frontiers in chemistry, 2017
An increasing need of nanotechnology in various industries may cause a huge environment dispersion of nanoparticles in coming years. A concern about nanoparticles interaction with flora and fauna is raised due to a growing load of it in the environment. In recent years, several investigators have shown impact of nanoparticles on plant growth and their accumulation in food source. This review examines the research performed in the last decade to show how metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are influencing the plant metabolism. We addressed here, the impact of nanoparticle on plant in relation to its size, concentration, and exposure methodology. Based on the available reports, we proposed oxidative burst as a general mechanism through which the toxic effects of nanoparticles are spread in plants. This review summarizes the current understanding and the future possibilities of plant-nanoparticle research.
Urban Horticulture – Sustainable Gardening in Cities, 2023
The effects of nanoparticles that are used on plants, either as foliar sprays or as fertilizers, vary between promoting and inhibiting. This effect varies according to many different factors, such as the type of nanoparticles, the concentration, the shape, the size, the type of plant, the soil characteristics, and the soil microorganisms. The effect of iron, zinc oxide, graphene, copper oxide, silicon, titanium, and carbon nanotubes on soil fertility, plant growth and development, and crop yield was discussed in detail. The nanoparticles affect the seed’s water absorption, roots, germination, stem, photosynthesis rate, photosynthetic pigments, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds. Moreover, it also highlights the role of these particles in the different stresses that can be exposed to the plant and the mechanisms of tolerance of these stresses. This chapter presents the ability of these particles to combat pollution in its various forms, including groundwater, heavy metals, and wastewater. In addition, these nanoparticles accumulate in the water, soil, and plants, and impact humans and the food chain. Finally, the future prospects for the use of nanotechnology to achieve the goals of sustainable development. Keywords: nanotechnology, fertilization, environmental remediation, nanoparticles, plant
Toxicity of zero-valent iron nanoparticles and its fate in Zea mays
Advances in Environmental Technology, 2019
Application of nanotechnology has gained remarkable interest in recent years and environmental exposure to nanomaterials is becoming inevitable. Therefore, nanotoxicity problem is gaining more attention. Zero-valent iron nano particles (nZVI) are being used widely for different purposes such as environmental remediation. Excessive amounts of nanomaterials may pose inhibitory effects on growth of plants cultivated in nZVI-affected soils which has been addressed in this research. Moreover, fate of nZVI in plants was investigated in the present study. Plant seeds were exposed to different concentrations of nZVI i.e. 0, 100, 250, 500, 800 and 1000 mg/kg. Z. mays was selected as the model plant in this study and found to be a tolerant plant species in presence of low to moderate levels of nZVI in soil. However, addition of higher doses of nZVI reduced seedling emergence and biomass establishment. Results indicated that the total Fe concentrations in Z. mays treated with nZVI increased compared to the control. Considerably higher accumulation of Fe in roots of Z. mays compared to the shoots in all treatments was found. Results indicated that the total Fe contents in Z. mays treated with nZVI were higher than those in control, with the highest Fe accumulation capacity of 24666.2 µg per pot which was obtained in soil received 500 mg/kg nZVI. Overally, toxic effects of higher doses of nZVI on plants were observed in this study. Intelligent use of nZVI for environmental purposes such as applying low to moderate levels of nZVI in soil remediation activities could remarkably prevent their adverse impacts on plant species, promote plant phytoextraction capability, and reduce nZV emission in the environment.
Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials on Plants Growth: An Overview
The Scientific World Journal, 2014
Rapid development and wide applications of nanotechnology brought about a significant increment on the number of engineered nanomaterials (ENs) inevitably entering our living system. Plants comprise of a very important living component of the terrestrial ecosystem. Studies on the influence of engineered nanomaterials (carbon and metal/metal oxides based) on plant growth indicated that in the excess content, engineered nanomaterials influences seed germination. It assessed the shoot-to-root ratio and the growth of the seedlings. From the toxicological studies to date, certain types of engineered nanomaterials can be toxic once they are not bound to a substrate or if they are freely circulating in living systems. It is assumed that the different types of engineered nanomaterials affect the different routes, behavior, and the capability of the plants. Furthermore, different, or even opposing conclusions, have been drawn from most studies on the interactions between engineered nanomater...