Prevalence and factors associated with poor performance in the 5‐chair stand test: findings from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study II and proposed Newcastle protocol for use in the assessment of sarcopenia (original) (raw)
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Sit-to-stand test: Performance and determinants across the age-span
Isokinetics and exercise science
Although the validity of the sit-to-stand (STS) test as a measure of lower limb strength has been questioned, it is widely used as such among older adults. The purposes of this study were: 1) to describe five-repetition STS test (FRSTST) performance (time) by adolescents and adults and 2) to determine the relationship of isometric knee extension strength (force and torque), age, gender, weight, and stature with that performance. Participants were 111 female and 70 male (14-85 years) community-dwelling enrollees in the NIH Toolbox Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function. The FRSTST was conducted using a standard armless chair. Knee extension force was measured using a belt-stabilized hand-held dynamometer; knee extension torque was measured using a Biodex dynamometer. The mean times for the FRSTST ranged from 6.0 sec (20-29 years) to 10.8 sec (80-85 years). For both the entire sample and a sub-sample of participants 50-85 years, knee extension strength (r = -0.388 to -0.63...
'The Multiple-Sit-to-Stand' Field Test for Older Adults: What Does It Measure
Background: The need to predict decline in functional status in a large number of older adults has brought researchers and clinicians to develop easy-to-administer field tests. One of them is the 'multiple-sit-to-stand' (MSTS), which claims to measure leg strength. Objective: To assess the extent to which the MSTS is a leg strength, leg endurance or general endurance test. Methods: 49 independently functioning women (72.2 B 6.4 years) were assessed on the MSTS, on a submaximal stress test, and on strength and endurance of knee extensors measured by isokinetics. The knee extensors were selected, more than in other muscle groups responsible for movement of the lower extremity, as the largest range of motion, and the largest torques required while performing activities of daily living (ADL) is found in this group. Results: The correlation of the MSTS with the stress test was moderate and significant but very low and nonsignificant with the isokinetic measurements. Conclusions: The MTST is not able to predict strength of knee extensors, the leading group of leg muscles in ADL. If at all, it predicts general endurance rather than any measure -muscle strength or muscle endurance -of lower extremities. Longitudinal studies assessing the potential of the MSTS to predict deterioration in ADL in older adults are recommended, as well as studies assessing other factors related to both MSTS and ADL, such as muscle-nerve coordination affecting multiple joint activities.
Journal of rehabilitation medicine, 2014
Objective: To investigate the interaction of seat height and arm position with completion times for the Five Times Sit-To-Stand test (FTSTS) in older women. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University-based rehabilitation centre. Subjects: Thirty-three women (mean age 61.8 years, standard deviation 5.3) participated in this cross-sectional study. Methods: Time taken to complete the FTSTS with different seat heights (85%, 100% and 115% of knee height) and arm positions (arms across chest, or hands on thighs) was measured with a stopwatch. Results: FTSTS completion times differed significantly between seat heights of 85% and 115% knee height and between seat heights of 100% and 115% knee height for both arm positions. There was no significant difference between FTSTS completion times for the 2 arm positions at any seat height. Conclusion: A lower seat height resulted in longer FTSTS completion times in women over 55 years of age, whereas arm position did not significantly affec...
Is postural dysfunction related to sarcopenia? A population-based study
PLOS ONE, 2020
Postural dysfunction is one of the most common community health symptoms and frequent chief complaints in hospitals. Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, muscle quality, and muscle strength, and is the main contributor to musculoskeletal impairment in the elderly. Previous studies reported that loss of muscle mass is associated with a loss of diverse functional abilities. Meanwhile, there have been limited studies concerning postural dysfunction among older adults with sarcopenia. Although sarcopenia is primarily a disease of the elderly, its development may be associated with conditions that are not exclusively seen in older persons. Also, recent studies recognize that sarcopenia may begin to develop earlier in life. The objective of this paper was to investigate the association between the prevalence of sarcopenia and postural dysfunction in a wide age range of adults using data from a nationally representative cohort study in Korea. Korean National Health & Nutrition Exhibition Survey V (KNHANES V, 2010-2012) data from the fifth cross-sectional survey of the South Korean population performed by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare were used. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM)/height (ht) 2 was used to define sarcopenia, and the Modified Romberg test using a foam pad ("foam balance test") was performed to evaluate postural dysfunction. ASM/ht 2 was lower in women and significantly decreased with age in men. Subjects with sarcopenia were significantly more likely to fail the foam balance test, regardless of sex and age. Regression analysis showed a significant relationship between sarcopenia and postural dysfunction (OR: 2.544, 95% CI: 1.683-3.846, p<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that sarcopenia (OR: 1.747, 95% CI: 1.120-2.720, p = 0.014) and age (OR: 1.131, 95% CI: 1.105-1.158, p<0.001) are independent risk factors for postural instability. In middle age subjects, the adjusted OR for sarcopenia was 3.344 (95% CI: 1.350-8.285) (p = 0.009). The prevalence of postural dysfunction is higher in sarcopenia patients, independent of sex and age.