Mitigating load burden on smart grid via EVs (original) (raw)
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Evaluating the Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Smart Grid
2016
With the 23% of total global GreenHouse Gas (GHG) emissions coming from the transport sector, many initiatives have been suggested to address this emissions sector, including reducing the number of vehicles on the roads using ridesharing programs, and switching from Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV) to battery powered Electrical Vehicles (EV). While many governments around the world have started various programs to help increase the adoption of EVs, including incentive to purchase, introducing new policies, increasing public awareness, and installing charging infrastructures, the impact of EVs on the electric grid (load, harmonic, line and transformer lifespan) is still not completely understood. In this paper, we present a literature review about the impact of EV on the electric grid, and the evaluation results carried on the grid on a small community in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). The results of the evaluation show a 12.5% increase in overloaded transformers within th...
Smart Grids and Electric Vehicles
International Transport Forum Discussion Papers, 2012
Electric vehicles 1 (EVs) could play a central role in decarbonising road transport. But this new type of electricity load will need careful management. Although electricity needs for EVs are likely to remain small relative to overall load in most regions for many years to come, they could have a much bigger impact on peak load as motorists seek to recharge their batteries during the evening. Electricity suppliers will need to anticipate the longterm investments that will be needed to respond to this emerging trend. Recent technological advances in electricity distribution and load management that make use of information and communications technologies, referred to as "smart grids", promise to facilitate the integration of EVs into electricity load and to lower costs. Smartgrid technology can enable EV-charging (grid-to-vehicle, or G2V) load to be shifted to off-peak periods, thereby flattening the daily load curve and significantly reducing both generation and network investment needs. Advanced metering equipment is an essential component, enabling a two-way flow of information and providing customers and utilities with real-time data and enabling customers to schedule charging intelligently.
Journal of Power Engineering, 2016
1— Using electric vehicles, in addition to decreasing the environmental concerns, can play an important role in decreasing the peak and filling the off-peaks of the daily load characteristics. In other words, in smart grids' infrastructure, the load characteristics can be improved by scheduling the charge and discharge process of electric vehicles. In smart grids, the customers are instantaneously informed about the load and its price and are able to react to the prices. This reaction pattern results in a wide range of changes in the load curve of the network. In this paper, a multi-stage model based on neural networks and the neuro-fuzzy network is presented for forecasting the daily electric load in the price-responsive environment of smart grids. Then, in order to determine the load and generation models of the set of electric vehicles based on the forecasted load for the next day, a complete probabilistic model of these vehicles in the range of parking lots is presented by c...
Electric vehicles in smart grid: a survey on charging load modelling
IET Smart Grid, 2018
Electric vehicles (EVs) have been rapidly developed during the last few years due to the low-carbon industry and smart grid initiatives. Meanwhile, the impact of large-scale EVs' integration on the reliability and safety of power grids is becoming increasingly prominent. To address and solve these problems, challenges on EV charging control have been presented. Besides, the EV charging load modelling with improved accuracy and rationality is required. To investigate the influencing factors of EV charging load, this survey summarises the existing EV charging load modelling methods. In addition, a new research framework for a scale EV evolution model of charging load is proposed, with an emphasis on reducing the deficiencies of the existing research in dealing with the EV scale development. Moreover, the future research prospect of EV charging load modelling on power system planning, operation, and market design has also been discussed.
The Impact of Electric Vehicles on Smart Grid
Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica, 2021
This publication examines the impact of electric vehicles on the grid. Electric cars are becoming more and more popular in the world. The annual sales quantity of electric cars in the world has an upward trajectory which has some serious implications on the electric grid as well. Both passenger and freight transport are being influenced by this current trend. In addition to various methods of transport, electric cars have the potential to transform traditional grids into smart ones. The primary objective of this study is to examine to what extent the voltage at the nodes changes when electric cars are connected to the network and also sets out to provide us with some overview of the effects on active power loss in the network.
Modeling electric vehicle benefits connected to smart grids
2011
Connecting electric storage technologies to smartgrids will have substantial implications in building energy systems. Local storage will enable demand response. Mobile storage devices in electric vehicles (EVs) are in direct competition with conventional stationary sources at the building. EVs will change the financial as well as environmental attractiveness of on-site generation (e.g. PV, or fuel cells). In order to examine the impact of EVs on building energy costs and CO 2 emissions in 2020, a distributed-energy-resources adoption problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program with minimization of annual building energy costs or CO 2 emissions. The mixed-integer linear program is applied to a set of 139 different commercial buildings in California and example results as well as the aggregated economic and environmental benefits are reported. The research shows that considering second life of EV batteries might be very beneficial for commercial buildings.
The Open Transportation Journal
Background: To understand the Electric Vehicle (EV) management effects deeply using Smart Grids (SGs) in the electric power sector, it is necessary to examine supply specifics such as the generation mix, generation costs, and CO2 emissions as well as the demand sector including peak load. This study attempts to comprehensively examine the changes in power supply and demand their effects in accordance with the degree of SG utilization, based on a scenario for the projection of EV roll-out in South Korea. Objectives: This study considers the change of the generation capacity mix as well as the change of power generation mix using the WASP model for the analysis of SG effects on EV management. In the scenario of the Korean government's EV deployment, this study has confirmed how electric power demand changes according to the degree of smart grid utilization. In addition, the WASP model has been used to examine not only the power generation mix but also the change in the installed c...
A B S T R A C T The electrification of hybrid electric vehicle reduces the reliance of transportation on fossil fuels and reduces Green House Gas emissions. The economic and environmental benefits of the hybrid electric vehicles are greatly reshaping the modern transportation sector. The transportation electrification (TE) brings various challenges to the Smart Grid (SG), such as power quality, reliability, and control. Thus, there is a need to explore and reveal the key enabling technologies for TE. Moreover, the intermittent nature of Renewable Energy Resources (RER) based generation demands for efficient, reliable, flexible, dynamic, and distributed energy storage technologies. The Electrical Vehicles (EVs) storage battery is the promising solution in accommodating RER based generation within SG. The most efficient feature of transportation sector is Vehicle to Grid (V2G) concept that will help in storing the surplus energy and feeding back this energy to the main grid during period of high demands. The storage technology is an integral part of the SG that helps in attaining the proper utilization of RER. In this paper, our goal is to explore the TE sector and its impact on economy, reliability and eco-friendly system. We reviewed the V2G technology and their implementation challenges. We further reviewed various energy storage technologies deployed in EVs within SG, considering attention to their influence on the environment. Moreover, this paper presented a detailed overview of the on board and off board charging infrastructure and communication necessities for EV. The paper also investigated the current issues and challenges of energy storage technologies in EVs. The technical and economic benefits of storage technologies are also considered. Our analysis reviews the role of EVs in decarbonizing the atmosphere. Lastly, the survey explains the current regulation, Standard, and interfacing issues within SG.
Mathematical Modeling for Economic Evaluation of Electric Vehicle to Smart Grid Interaction
The objective of this work is to develop a mathematical model for the integration of electric vehicle (EVs) to the grid. Integrating the EV with the grid would help in simultaneous charging of numerous EVs and provide peak hour energy to the grid (from EV). This bi-directional exchange of energy between the grid and EV results in a complex financial calculations. So a simple model has been proposed. The energy provided by the EV to the grid depends on the battery capacity. Battery capacity is affected by capacity losses (CL). The model includes the possible cases of CL, such as CL due to battery usage (discharge during vehicle transportation) and CL due to the grid interaction. The main cause for a higher per kilometer (Km) transportation cost in EV, when compared to conventional vehicle, is the high cost of the battery and its maintenance. In this model, the economic analysis has been done in such a way that the battery related liabilities do not become a financial burden to EV owners. The above scenario has been evaluated for different combinations of charge rate and discharge rate ranging from to . Finally the optimal cost of electricity is determined such that the grid, EV owners, and consumers (EV users) are benefitted.
2011
In this paper, results are reported of a technology assessment of use of electrical vehicles for energy storage (of renewable sources), their integration in the built environment and attached required power and charging systems for the Netherlands. This was done as part of the DIEMIGO project on integration of electrical mobility in the built environment. Around the world several concepts for EV charging and EV/Building interfaces have been developed, or are under development. In general however integrated smart grid concepts, comfortable charging or user focused services and innovative charging are still lacking and mostly based on the principle of relatively simple “technical fixes” and do not address to problems to be solved in case of large scale introduction of Electric Mobility. Moreover, integration in the built environment is poor and full of potential pitfalls, especially as for security of supply when implemented at large numbers. We present the main results of an integrat...