Evaluation of Viola betonicifolia for its nutrition value (original) (raw)
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Molecules, 2019
Viola betonicifolia (Violaceae) is commonly recognized as “Banafsha” and widely distributed throughout the globe. This plant is of great interest because of its traditional, pharmacological uses. This review mainly emphases on morphology, nutritional composition, and several therapeutic uses, along with pharmacological properties of different parts of this multipurpose plant. Different vegetative parts of this plant (roots, leaves, petioles, and flowers) contained a good profile of essential micro- and macronutrients and are rich source of fat, protein, carbohydrates, and vitamin C. The plant is well known for its pharmacological properties, e.g., antioxidant, antihelminthic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and has been reported in the treatment of various neurological diseases. This plant is of high economic value. The plant has potential role in cosmetic industry. This review suggests that V. betonicifolia is a promising source of pharmaceutical agents. This plant is...
Biological screening of Viola betonicifolia Smith whole plant
Crude methanolic extract as well as subsequent solvent fractions of Viola betonicifolia (VB) whole plant were tested for various in-vitro biological activities, including nematicidal, antioxidant, larvecidal, phytotoxic and cytotoxic. All extracts were also tested for their total flavonoid and phenolic contents. A dose dependent effect was observed against both nematodes. Ethyl acetate fraction was highly effective against Meloidogyne incognita, followed by chloroform and methanolic extract while the highest mortality of Meloidogyne javanica was observed against ethyl acetate followed by chloroform and methanolic extract with 45, 43 and 31% mortality, respectively. The antioxidant activity was tested using 1, 1-diphenyl 1-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and reducing power assay for all extracts. The chloroform fraction showed highly significant antioxidant activity followed by ethyl acetate and methanolic extract. The maximum larvecidal effect against Aedes aegypti was observed for chloroform fraction followed by ethyl acetate fraction. In case of phytotoxic activity, butanol fraction was most effective followed by ethyl acetate fraction. Significant results were found by aqueous fraction with LC 50 46 µg/ml and chloroform with LC 50 56 µg/m against brine shrimp. Phytochemical studies indicated that ethyl acetate fraction was rich of flavonoid and phenolic contents followed by chloroform and methanolic extract. It was concluded that the ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions are the most significant sources of antihelmintic, antioxidant, larvecidal, phytotoxic and cytotoxic compounds.
Pharmacognostic studies of Viola betonicifolia
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2012
The pharmacognostic profile of crude drug has key role in standardization for quality, purity and drug identification. Various pharmacognostic studies of Viola betonicifolia were carried out in order to establish parameters for its identification and to check adulteration or contamination by other species of Viola. Morphological characteristic of the whole plant and its anatomic parts were studied by organoleptic evaluation. Transverse sections of the root and petiole were prepared and studied. Powder drug study of the whole plant was also carried out and various structures of the powder drug were observed. This study also includes the numerical and quantitative leaf microscopy, ash values and extraction values. The pharmacognostic profile of V. betonicifolia was first time studied in this research paper.
Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research, 2016
Context: Viola tianschanica Maxim. (Violaceae) is a perennial herb widely distributed in Central Asia, especially in the Xinjiang of China. The whole herb has been used in traditional Uygur medicines as an antifebrile-detoxicate drugs. Aims: To characterize macroscopical and microscopical features of the root, leave and rhizome of the V. tianschanica Maxim. Explore and establish the micro-morphology and quality control methods for this plant. Methods: Pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigations were conducted regarding macroscopic, microscopic and preliminary phytochemical parameters. Results: It can be identified by structural features of flowers, structural characteristics of rhizome and root, specific thickening of endothecium cells of clinandrium can be regarded as identification character. This crude drug showed the characteristic physicochemical values like total ash (12%), water soluble ash (4.0%), acid insoluble ash (3.8%) and moisture content (6.5%). The ethanolic extract mainly contained flavonoids in this herb, also contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, coumarin and absence of fats and protein. Conclusions: Various pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical characters observed in this test may help in standardization, identification and carrying out further research in V. tianschanica Maxim. based drugs used in Uygur traditional medicine and folk medicines. Sediment type of impurity content is higher in herbs; it should be paying attention to control quality of medicinal materials or drugs.
Food Analytical Methods, 2009
Minerals and heavy metal concentrations of 23 plants (arial parts, leaves, bark, stem, root, rhizome, dried berries, seeds) possessing health-promoting effects and used in indigenous medicines (as medicinal food) were determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic spectrometry. Vital essential minerals and heavy metals were present in all the samples analyzed. The majority of the plant materials were rich in some of the essential minerals like Na, K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Cu, Mn, and Zn, which are known to be beneficial for health. The plant material of Vitiveria zizinalis had highest concentration of toxic heavy metals, including arsenic (53.1 mg/100 g), chromium (6.74 mg/100 g), cobalt (10.2 mg/100 g), mercury (3.6 mg/100 g), and nickel (3.28 mg/100 g). Results of the present study provide vital data on the availability of some essential minerals, which can be useful to provide dietary information for designing value-added foods and for food biofortification. Apart from this, data on the contaminant levels of heavy metals highlights the necessity on the quality and safety concerns about their use.
PHARMACOGNOSTIC RESEARCH ON VIOLA DECLINATA WALDST. ET KIT. (VIOLACEAE
2009
In order to continue our previous studies on some Viola species from Romania, we have analysed for the first time some active principles from aerial parts of V. declinata Waldst. et Kit. We have performed gravimetric methods for saponins and mucilages, and spectrophotometric determinations and HPLC analysis of carotenoids. We established the content in saponins (4.40%), mucilages (10.26%), and total carotenoids (8.45 mg/100g vegetal product, expressed in β-carotene). In fresh aerial parts we have determined by HPLC: violaxanthin (281 μg/100g), antheraxanthin (283 μg/100g), lutein (896 μg/100g), zeaxanthin (479 μg/100g), β-carotene 5,6-epoxide (48 μg/100g), β-carotene (546 μg/100g), and 9Z-β-carotene (76 μg/100g). Our results showed the presence of the same active principles in Viola declinata and V. tricolor, the differences being only quantitative.
Food Chemistry, 2015
Edible flowers are used in food preparations, being also recognized by their beneficial effects on human health. Nevertheless, these species are highly perishable, and irradiation treatment might be applied to ensure food quality and increase their shelf life. Viola tricolor L. is a typical edible flower, with multiple applications and biological properties, mainly provided by the flavonoids content. In the present work, the phenolic compounds were analysed by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using biochemical assays. Linear discriminant analyses (LDA) were performed in order to compare the results obtained with flowers submitted to different irradiation doses and technologies (cobalt-60 and electron-beam). In general, irradiated samples (mostly with 1 kGy) showed the highest phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the significant differences observed in the LDA allow determination of which dose and/or technology is suitable to obtain flowers with higher antioxidant potential.
Journal of Agricultural Science, 2014
A study to establish relationship between the petal colour, extraction solvent, phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity in three varieties of Viola × wittrockiana (yellow, red and violet) is reported in this article. Identification and quantification of flavonoids and anthocyanins using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS is also presented. The antioxidant activity was studied by four different analytical assays: the measurement of scavenging capacity against ABTS + and DPPH free radicals, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The violet petals were the most active in all solvents employed for extraction and also showed higher total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin content in comparison with red and yellow ones. Fourteen constituents were identified by HPLC coupled with diode-array detection (DAD) and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), ten of them were flavonoids and four anthocyanins. The major compounds found in violet pansy were rutin, violanthin and violanin. Aqueous extract of violet pansy can be regarded as a suitable candidate to serve as a radical scavenging agent that could be used in functional foods.
2020
A study to establish relationship between the petal colour, extraction solvent, phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity in three varieties of Viola × wittrockiana (yellow, red and violet) is reported in this article. Identification and quantification of flavonoids and anthocyanins using HPLCDAD-ESI-MS is also presented. The antioxidant activity was studied by four different analytical assays: the measurement of scavenging capacity against ABTS + and DPPH free radicals, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The violet petals were the most active in all solvents employed for extraction and also showed higher total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin content in comparison with red and yellow ones. Fourteen constituents were identified by HPLC coupled with diode-array detection (DAD) and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), ten of them were flavonoids and four anthocyanins. The major compounds found in violet pansy were ...
Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 2019
Fourteen edible flowers used in cooking were investigated in order to obtain quantitative information on the phytochemicals content and mineral composition. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity was also evaluated by employing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) methods. These analyses were performed in extracts prepared from flowers and vegetative parts and the results showed that contents of total phenolics, ortho-diphenols and flavonoids were high in flower extracts. Results also revealed considerable variation among the fourteen edible flowers extracts in total phenols (9.89-79.78 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dry weight), orthodiphenols (14.90-238.61 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dry weight) and flavonoids (2.62-56.86 mg catechin equivalents/g of dry weight). Correlation analysis indicated a moderately positive correlation between antioxidant activity and the contents of phenolic and ortho-diphenol compounds. In addition, the results of this study also showed that all edible flowers are major sources of mineral elements, especially potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sodium with an average concentration of 5,861, 542.0, 274.2 and 218.0 mg/100 g of dry weigh, respectively. Flowers also contain appreciable amounts of essential trace metals, such as zinc, selenium and manganese. Data obtained confirmed that edible flowers are good sources of minerals and phytochemicals, namely antioxidants, therefore their inclusion in cooking can provide health benefits.