75 Business-Community Partnerships: The Link with Sustainable Local Tourism Development in Tanzania? (original) (raw)
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BUSINESS-COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS: THE LINK WITH SUSTAINABLE LOCAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN TANZANIA?
This paper investigates whether Business-Community Partnerships (BCP) can facilitate local private sector development in Africa. This study offers a new approach to such partnerships by looking at them from a local private sector development perspective using value chain analysis. Focusing on Tanzania, this paper analyses nine tourism business-community partnership cases including three NGO-initiated partnerships, three business-initiated partnerships and three cases in which there was no explicit partnership between the business and the community. Five effects of tourism development are assessed by such partnerships, namely access to capital, access to skills/ knowledge, access to markets, access to infrastructure and access to land. Overall, business initiated Business–Community Partnerships contributed positively to access of markets and access to infrastructure. The NGO-initiated partnerships contribute positively to the access of land and improved in certain cases the access to infrastructure and markets. However, appropriate transfer of entrepreneurship knowledge and access to capital remains very inadequate. This study offers a new approach by looking at partnerships from a local private sector development perspective, using value chain analysis.
2008
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African Studies Review, 2010
The "institutional turn" in contemporary development theory has emphasized the importance of facilitating the emergence of institutions that will improve citizens' abilities to make choices. More important, it has suggested that the effectiveness of these institutions depends upon their ability to "work with the grain" of the local sociocultural environment. This article argues that community-based organizations (CBOs), as one prominent embodiment of institutional blueprints guiding relationships between state and nonstate actors in development efforts, are a poor fit in the context of contemporary urban Tanzania. This is because they are not consonant with the norms that have long governed popular participation in either the development process or associational life. Although the specific conclusions are limited to Dar es Salaam, the study calls for a method of interrogation that is not only historically and sociologically grounded, but also broadly applicable to other development issues. Résumé: Le "tournant institutionnel" dans la théorie du développement contemporain a mis l'emphase sur l'importance de faciliter l'émergence d'institutions qui amélioreront la capacité des citoyens à faire des choix. En outre, il a été suggéré que l'efficacité de ces institutions dépendent de leur habilité à travailler "dans la veine" de l'environnement local socioculturel. Cet article propose que les organisations communautaires (CBOs), posées comme modèle pour guider les relations entre les acteurs du développement relevant ou non du gouvernement, ne sont pas un guide approprié dans le contexte de la Tanzanie urbaine moderne. Ceci vient du fait qu'elles ne fonctionnement pas en accord avec les normes régissant la participation du peuple que ce soit dans le processus de développement ou la vie associative. Bien que mes conclusions soient spécifiques à la situation de Dar El Salaam, cette étude pose les bases d'une méthode de questionnement qui est non seulement fon
2019
The link between local value creation through creative tourism and local development isn´t completely understood in the literature. Specifically it is unclear how creative tourism is developed in the context of rural communities with few resources and without a clear view of the path to value creation. This research analyses cooperation as an antecedent to value creation, in the context of creative tourism, based on five cases collected in five countries through in-depth interviews with local stakeholders. Results show that communities are able to recognize their potentialities and to cooperate to create value, however they are unable by themselves to overcome barriers to entrepreneurial behaviour. Results highlight the role of external entities: consensus facilitator, guidance and access to technical and financial resources.
Community-Based Organizations and Norms of Participation in Tanzania: Working Against the Grain
The "institutional turn" in contemporary development theory has emphasized the importance of facilitating the emergence of institutions that will improve citizens' abilities to make choices. More important, it has suggested that the effectiveness of these institutions depends upon their ability to "work with the grain" of the local sociocultural environment. This article argues that community-based organizations (CBOs), as one prominent embodiment of institutional blueprints guiding relationships between state and nonstate actors in development efforts, are a poor fit in the context of contemporary urban Tanzania. This is because they are not consonant with the norms that have long governed popular participation in either the development process or associational life. Although the specific conclusions are limited to Dar es Salaam, the study calls for a method of interrogation that is not only historically and sociologically grounded, but also broadly applicable to other development issues.
This manuscript investigates the complexities and challenges in the management of the Ololosokwan community conservation area in Northern Tanzania. The conservation area is adjacent to the Serengeti National Park, just south of the Tanzanian-Kenyan Border where nomadic Maasai Pastoralists are free to cross international borders in search of grazing for their cattle. The Ololosokwan community is faced with the difficulties of managing a number of conflicting land-uses and community aspirations while striving toward the maintenance of a successful and sustainable community conservation area in collaboration with a private tourism operation. Benefit sharing was found to be an effective way in which to heal negative stakeholder engagements of the past, and active participation in the development of community livelihoods was found to be a more meaningful pursuit in this cause than merely sharing money. Despite opportunities for stakeholders to show that they are willing to work together, existing conflict is likely to continue as stakeholders still mistrust each other and often align themselves with groups that share common interests.
The Role of Local Communities in Tourism Development: Grassroots Perspectives from Tanzania
ABSTRACT One of the core elements of tourism development is to encourage local communities’ participation as it is central to the sustainability of tourism industry. While the literature suggests a number of roles local communities could take in tourism development, little emphasis has so far been given as to how local communities themselves feel about this. As a result, there has been little evidence, especially from the grassroots, on what communities really think of their role(s) in tourism development. Using a case study of Barabarani village in Tanzania, this paper contributes to the understanding of community participation in tourism development by examining local communities’ views on their role in tourism development. The paper triangulates both quantitative and qualitative data to bring together perspectives from the grassroots based on household questionnaire survey with some members of the local community and a two-month period of field observations in the study area, coupled with the researcher’s experience with the wider community. The findings revealed that local communities want to be involved when tourism policies are being made to enable policymakers to prepare a policy that meets stakeholders’ needs and addresses their concerns. They also want to be part of tourism development decisions to ensure their needs are incorporated. Furthermore, local communities want to have a voice in development issues (not necessarily tourism development) to enable them to protect community interests, and increase transparency and accountability, and wipe out embezzlements and abuse of offices, which are rampant acts amongst decision-makers. Similar to previous studies, they rejected the statement ‘local people should not participate by any means’ in tourism development. It is clear from the findings that people are against the prevailing top-down approach in decision making when it comes to tourism development in their areas. It also depicts the nature of the central government which controls all the forms of decision making when it comes to development and policy formulation. The study emphasizes on small scale methods in analyzing and assessing the role of local communities views of participation from the communities themselves rather than what has been normally imposed on them.
2017
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between tourism and community development in terms of education in Arusha Region, Tanzania. The study addressed the following specific objective: to examine the relationship between tourism and community development in terms of education in Arusha Region. The study employed the mixed research method, where both quantitative and qualitative approaches were applied. The population of the study was diverse; it included 500 respondents from the community (500 calculated by Slovin’s formula and 100 added at the researcher’s discretion to increase the validity and reliability of the findings). There were also 36 community leaders, who were important to the study because they were democratically chosen voices of the community, and lastly there were ten top officials. Since the study employed the mixed methods paradigm, the data analysed were both quantitative and qualitative, where the quantitative data were analysed by use of d...
Advances in African economic, social and political development, 2017
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