The Role and the Place of the Speeches in the Work of Theophylact Simocatta (original) (raw)

Abstract

Powyższy artykuł poświęcony został analizie mów (tzn. wypowiedzi w ora­tio recta) w Historii powszechnej Teofilakta Symokatty, najważniejszym dziele historiografii bizantyńskiej pierwszej połowy VII w. Przeprowadzony przegląd pozwolił na dokonanie konkretnych ustaleń. Mianowicie, Teofilakt w pełni akcep­tuje rolę kompozycyjną mów (zgodnie z tradycją klasyczną) w aspekcie a) mowy jako możliwość wypowiedzi własnej autora, b) mowy jako środek wzmocnienia płaszczyzny aksjologicznej, tzn. to, co mówione posiada wiarygodność wyższą od tego, co przekazane w mowie pośredniej (oratio obliqua itp.). Niemniej, uważna lektura pozwoliła wyodrębnić cechy szczególne stylu Teofilakta. Są nimi: nadmierna afektacja, brak dobrego smaku w doborze egzemplów i, niestety, nadużywanie argumentacji religijnej, zbliżające się do fanatyzmu (chociaż w tym ostatnim wypadku należy przeprowadzić badania, by stwierdzić, czy jest to kwes­tia osobista, czy ‘duch czasów’, tzn. polityka religijna Herakliusza). To, co ...

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References (83)

  1. Cf. ibidem VI 7, 10-16.
  2. Cf. ibidem VIII 7, 2-4.
  3. Cf. A. Kotłowska -Ł. Różycki, The Battle of Solachon of 586 in light of the works of Theo- phylact Simocatta and Theophanes Confessor (Homologetes), "Travaux et Mémoires" 19 (2015) 315-327;
  4. J. Haldon, The Byzantine wars: battles and campaigns of the Byzantine era, Charleston 2001, 54.
  5. Cf. Greek Ritual Poetics, ed. D. Yatromanolakis -P. Roilos, Cambridge (Mass.) 2005, or in a more general approach R. Bauman, Verbal Art as Performance, "American Anthropologist" 77 (1975) fasc. 2, 290-311.
  6. Theophylactus Simocatta, Historiae II 2, 6-7, ed. de Boor -Wirth, p. 73, transl. by Authors.
  7. Cf. J. Howard-Johnston, Witnesses to a World In Crisis Historians and Histories of the Mid- dle East in the Seventh Century, Oxford 2011.
  8. Cf. J. Polacek, Heraclius and the Persians in 622, "Bizantinistica" 10 (2008) 105-124. On redefinition of mutual relations following the end of warfare. 65 Cf. Theophylactus Simocatta, Historiae V 15, 5-7. Note also that the last event recorded by Theophylactus was the suggested death of Shahenshah Khosrow in 628 AD.
  9. Cf. Whitby, The Emperor Maurice, 40. Whitby puts forward a similar opinion and states that the work was finished after 628 AD.
  10. Cf. S. Michell, Byzantine Anzitene, in: East Rome, Sasanian Persia and the End of Antiquity, ed. J. Howard-Johnston, Farnham 2006, 239. Arzanene is located in the North-Western edge of Ar- menia, closed by Taurus Mountains from the North, and by Euphrates from the South. Note also the fragment on Arzanene in Die Ostgrenze des Byzantinischen Reches, E. Honigmann, Die Ostgrenze des Byzantinischen Reches von 363 bis 1071 nach griechischen, arabischen, syrischen und armeni- schen Quellen, Bruxelles 1935, 28-30.
  11. Cf. Mauricius, Ars militaris X 4. 69 Cf. Theophylactus Simocatta, Historiae II 7, 6.
  12. Cf. J. Preiser-Kapeller, Erdumn, ucht, carayut´iwn Armenian Aristocrats as Diplomatic Part- ners of Eastern Roman Emperors 387-884, "Armenian Review" 52 (2010) 139-215.
  13. Cf. Theophylactus Simocatta, Historiae II 7, 7. It should be noted that dualis was no longer used in colloquial speech and is relatively rare even in high-register literary texts and always carries an additional semantic meaning.
  14. Cf. Herodotus, Historiae II 107-110; Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historia I 53-58; Ioannes Niciensis XVII 1. 86 Cf. Theophylactus Simocatta, Historiae VI 11, 21.
  15. Cf. ibidem VI 11, 21. Although Theophylactus also stressed that Emperor Maurice was not pleased with this conduct of the strategos, the prisoners could have been a valuable bargaining chip. 88 Cf. Ibidem VII 10-11.
  16. Cf. Ibidem VII 10, 3. The authors of The Age of the Dromon rightfully do not speak of the period of Maurice's rule, noting only the attempts of building a fleet in Italy. J. Pryor -E. Jeffreys, The Age of the DROMON. The Byzantine Navy ca 500-1204, Leiden 2004, 19-24, and a fragment of Simocatta's account in which he describes a ship on which Maurice fled Constantinople in 602 as a dromon (ibidem, p. 133). Harmaton must have been a good orator and the gifts extremely enticing be- cause, after a long speech, the Roman diplomat managed to persuade the kha- gan to accept the valuables and sign the peace treaty 94 . Then, Bayan spoke and Theophylact emphasised that the first words of his speech are quoted unchanged: "The Khagan said these exact words: Let God settle the dispute between Maurice and the Khagan, between Avars and Romans" 95 .
  17. Cf. Theophylactus Simocatta, Historiae VII 12, 2-8.
  18. Cf. ibidem VII 15, 9.
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  24. 115 Burning alive was set aside for deserters: "Hostes autem, item transfugae ea poena adficiun- tur, ut vivi exurantur" (Digesta Iustiniani XLVIII 19, 8, 2).
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