Social Accounting Matrix: an economic analysis of Mexico (original) (raw)
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Social Accounting Matrix on the Base of the Mexican System of National Accounting
Links between institutional sectors and economic activities with National Accounting System of Mexico are studied used accounting multipliers. Key sectors had changed to strategic or leading as oil and gas extraction and dairy product manufacturing, i.e., Mexico went from a producer of goods to a service provider country, losing value added in their production chains. The mixed income is leading/independent economic activity for woman whose income is between 1 and 5 minimum wages. This is really important in the domestic economy through its impact on solidarity activities: providing care and support and providing food. Moreover, non-financial corporations and households of 10 or more minimum wages for income investing in strategic sectors such as retail trade and wholesale and manufacturing products derived from oil and coal. This is evidence of two Mexicos: the traditional and industrialized.
In looking for empirical evidence about the socio-economic activity of countries, a proposal is made for studying it through the use of Social Accounting Matrices (SAMs). SAMs are presented as tools that have specific features for conducting studies in several different areas, as well as for supporting policy decision processes. Based on methodological principles that are derived mainly from the works of Stone and Pyatt, emphasis is placed on the desirability of working in a matrix format, which simultaneously includes activities (or industries), products, factors of production and institutions. This is considered to be a way of capturing the relevant network of linkages and the corresponding multiplier effects in the subsequent modelling of the socio-economic activity of the countries studied. The exposition is accompanied by the example of a SAM applied to Portugal.
2017
A Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) is presented as a tool to study the socio-economic activity of a country. This activity involves the monetary or nominal flows that are measured by the National Accounts, as well as production (organized in factors, industries and goods and services) and institutions (organized in households, general government, non-financial and financial corporations, non-profit institutions serving households, and rest of the world). In order to contribute to the definition of a methodology that can contribute to improving the knowledge of the different aspects of this activity, the potentialities of a SAM for its reading and interpreting are explored, as well as for carrying out experiments regarding its functioning. Through a SAM-based approach, how to construct more or less complex networks of linkages of the above-mentioned flows is shown, from which structural features can be evidenced and the associated multiplier effects studied. Following an application to...
Formal and Informal Sectors in a Social Accounting Matrix for Brazil
Análise Econômica, 2015
This paper presents a methodology to estimate a Social Accounting Matrix for Brazil in 2006 that separates between formal and informal sectors. The goal of this study is to estimate and to analyze the Social Accounting Matrix for Brazil in 2006. The shares of output by informal and formal sectors are applied as weights to estimate the size of the two sectors. The results reveal important structural linkages between the two sectors and may serve as data input for future Structuralist Calibrated Models.
"Measuring the socio-economic activity of countries with Social Accounting Matrices"
Journal of Business and Economics. 6 (2015), pp.1165-1198. ISSN 2155-7950.
Social Accounting Matrices (SAMs) will be presented as tools that have specific features for studying the socio-economic activity of countries. Such features allow for the reading and interpretation of the reality under study, leading to the production of an empirical work that is not only capable of highlighting specific aspects of that activity, but also offers the chance to experiment with different interventions in regard to its functioning. In stating that the knowledge of the socio-economic activity of countries involves the use of national accounts, emphasis is placed on the desirability of working in a matrix format, which simultaneously includes activities (or industries), products, factors of production and institutions. This will be considered to be a way of capturing the relevant network of linkages and the corresponding multiplier effects in the subsequent modelling of the socio-economic activity of the countries studied. A methodological framework based on the works of R. Stone, G. Pyatt and J. Round, will be adopted outlining the main features of the SAM-based approach, according to which the SAM can describe the activity of countries either empirically or theoretically, depending on whether it is presented in a numerical or an algebraic version, respectively. Based on the latest version of the System of National Accounts (2008 SNA), a proposal for a numerical version of a SAM will be presented. Firstly, a basic structure will be presented and the need to ensure its consistency with the whole system will be emphasized. Such emphasis will then be reinforced through the analysis of possible disaggregations and extensions to that basic structure. The different forms of analysis made possible by the use of aggregates, indicators and balancing items that can be calculated from such a version and which lie outside the matrix format will also be discussed. Finally, that proposal will be compared with the matrix format of the national accounts, proposed by the above referred System of National Accounts. Because any socio-economic study made of a specific space, namely, a country, should involve the consideration of its population, Socio-Demographic Matrices (SDMs) will also be briefly presented and two examples of approaches based on SAMs and SDMs will be sketched out. The exposition will be illustrated with an application to Portugal.
A Financial Social Accounting Matrix for the Spanish Economy
2016
This article goes beyond the traditional methodology of Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) at building a Financial Social Accounting Matrix for Spain (FSAM). It has had to overcome the difficulties that arise at consolidating the data from the National Statistics Institute (INE) and the Bank of Spain (BE). A RAS methodology is proposed to estimate the property income distribution when no official data are available. Financial Social Accounting Matrix This is the first FSAM for the Spanish economy which could provides new tools to deepen the analysis of the financial sector and the determinants of financial stability associated with the interaction with other sectors of the economy.
Economic development and social policies in Mexico
Economy and Society, 2009
Since the mid-1980s Mexico has implemented a radical reorientation of its development strategy away from state-led industrialization and trade protection. This reform has drastically reduced the role of the state in the economy in favour of market mechanisms, and changed the orientation of social policies towards targeting and decentralization. The article examines the effects of this reform on Mexico's social and economic development, and finds that its results have been far from stellar. Indeed, notwithstanding the reduction of inflation and the downsizing of the state, the economy has expanded at a slow rate way below its growth in needs. The authors conclude that if Mexico is to succeed in its quest to enter a path of robust long-term development it will need to modify its social and economic policies.
Guidelines to the Construction of a Social Accounting Matrix
Review of Income and Wealth, 1988
The increasing number of countries for which a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) has been compiled testifies to the usefulness of this integrated data framework. Considerable resources are always involved in the construction of a SAM, for it provides a comprehensive description of an economy with emphasis o n distributive aspects. This means that, unlike other data systems, incomes and expenditures of several categories of households and their relation to the production structure, the balance of payments and transactions by other institutions are shown.
Identification of key productive sectors in the mexican economy
This article focuses on identifying what are the key sectors with high potential for drag induced investment in the Mexican economy, also characterizes the sectors according to their hierarchy, impact and degree of articulation. To achieve this the input-output matrix national 2003 was used (disaggregated into 20 sectors and 79 sub-sectors), provided by the official government agency responsible for generating statistical information, which applied the traditional method of calculation of multipliers which takes into account both relations hierarchical such as circular between the productive sectors of Rasmussen (1956). The originality of the work lies in the application of the social networks theory to determine (García, Morillas and Ramos 2005, 2008): a) total effects, b) immediate effects, and c) mediative effects of sectors and thus have a full diagnosis of key sectors of the economy under study. In general, the findings indicate that for the promotion of growth and productive d...