Characterization of Ganoderma Lucidum: Phytochemical and Proteomic Approach (original) (raw)
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Brief about the title: The crude extract powder of Ganoderma lucidum harvested from Lafia, Nassarawa State of Nigeria during the rainy season was analyzed for proximate contents, phytochemical constituents and mineral composition using various standard methods. Description of the experiment and procedures: The harvested Ganoderma lucidum was air dried at 37 0 C and grinded to powder; this was preliminary analyzed for proximate contents, phytochemical constituents. The crude powder was subjected to soxhlet extraction at 40 0 C using Methanol, Ethylacetate and N-butanol to obtain different organic solvent fractions, these were then concentrated in vacuo at 24 0 C for 48 hours to obtain different solvent extract fractions. These extracts were then analyzed for phytochemical contents using standards methods. Results: Analysis for proximate constituent showed Moisture contents was 10.54%, Total ash 5.93%, Protein 17.55%, Crude Fats 2.60%, Crude Fiber 30.25%, Carbohydrates 33.13%, and Nit...
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2014
A detailed comparative study on chemical and bioactive properties of wild and cultivated Ganoderma lucidum from Serbia (GS) and China (GCN) was performed. This species was chosen because of its worldwide use as medicinal mushroom. Higher amounts of sugars were found in GS, while higher amounts of organic acids were recorded in GCN. Unsaturated fatty acids predominated over saturated fatty acids. GCN revealed higher antioxidant activity, while GS exhibited inhibitory potential against human breast and cervical carcinoma cell lines. No cytotoxicity in non-tumour liver primary cell culture was observed for the different samples. Both samples possessed antibacterial and antifungal activities, in some cases even better than the standard antimicrobial drugs. This is the first study reporting a comparison of chemical compounds and bioactivity of G. lucidum samples from different origins.
Importance of Bioactive Compounds of Ganoderma lucidum Extract in Medical Field
European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences
Ganoderma lucidum is a well-known medicinal mushroom with a long history, used as an ancient remedy for promoting health and increasing longevity. This species of Ganoderma genus is important for our study because it has an interesting chemical composition and pharmacological benefits such as immune suppressor, hypocholesterolaemia, hypotensive, antitumoral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agents, and more others. G. lucidum chemical composition has many compounds such as vitamins (mainly Vitamin E), polysaccharides, triterpenes and each one of them is offering a distinctive pharmacological effect. This species of Ganoderma medicinal mushroom is used extensively for its internal effect on improving immune system, hepatoprotective benefit and additionally, a large variety of people consume Ganoderma lucidum as tea infusion and coffee because its antioxidant and reducing stress effects.
Major Bioactive Metabolites of the Medicinal Mushroom: Ganoderma lucidum
Ganoderma lucidum is a basidiomycetes white rot fungus belongs to the genus Ganoderma which has been used for medicinal purpose for centuries particularly in eastern countries like China, Japan & Korea. The basidiocarp, mycelia & spores of Ganoderma lucidum contain approximately 400 different bioactive compounds. The metabolites consist of mainly triterpenoids & polysaccharides & protiens. To date more than 140 triterpenoids & 200 polysaccharides have been isolated from different species Ganoderma. These compounds has been reported to have a number of pharmacological effects including immunomodulation, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, chemopreventive, antitumor, chemo & radio protective, sleep promoting, antibacterial, antiviral (including anti-HIV), hypolipidemic, anti-fibrotic, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-&rogenic, anti-angiogenic, anti-herpetic, antioxidative & radical-scavenging, anti-aging, hypoglycemic, estrogenic activity & anti-ulcer properties. ...
Health Benefits of Ganoderma lucidum as a Medicinal Mushroom
Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology
Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst., known as “Lingzhi” in China or “Reishi” in Japan, is a well-known medicinal mushroom and traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used for the prevention and treatment of bronchitis, allergies, hepatitis, immunological disorders and cancer. G. lucidum is rarely collected from nature and mostly cultivated on wood logs and sawdust in plastic bags or bottles to meet the demands of international markets. Diverse groups of chemical compounds with pharmacological activities, isolated from the mycelia and fruiting bodies of G. lucidum are triterpenoids, polysaccharides (β-D-glucans), proteins, amino acids, nucleosides, alkaloids, steroids, lactones, lectins, fatty acids, and enzymes. The biologically active compounds as primarily triterpenoids and polysaccharides of G. lucidum have been reported to possess hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic, antihistaminic effects and antioxidant, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and antiangiogenic...
The present study aims to investigate the antimicrobial and antitumor properties of Ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies grown under tropical habitat. The phytochemicals present in Ganoderma sp. DKR1 were analyzed and identified as saponins, tannins, terpenoids and phlobatannins. The bioactive compounds in Ganoderma sp. DKR1 were extracted using the solvents (ethyl acetate and chloroform). Its antimicrobial activity was evaluated against clinical pathogens and its cytotoxic effect was evaluated on lung carcinoma cell line (H1 299). The ethyl acetate extract showed antibacterial activity against Micrococcus sp., Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Enterococci faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. The chloroform extract showed activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella, Enterobacter sp. and antifungal activity against Candida sp. The cytotoxic activity of Ganoderma sp. DKR1 was evaluated by MTT assay. The ethyl acetate extract did not show any cytotoxic activity on lung cancer cell line (H1299) in comparison with control cell lines. The present study concluded that, Ganoderma sp. has enormous bioactive potential in particular; it serves as a source for antimicrobial compounds. However, further research needed to evaluate the compounds from Ganoderma sp. through phytochemical, biological and molecular standardization.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
The goal of this study was to the assess anti-cancer and antioxidant properties of the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body, and to identify bioactive compounds found in their extracts. Significant antiproliferative activity was observed against MCF-7, MCF-7/DX, LOVO, LOVO/DX, MDA-MB 231, SW 620, and NHDF cell lines. With IC50 values of 25.38 µg/mL and 47.90 µg/mL, respectively, the extract was most effective against MDA-MB 231 and SW 620 cell lines. The bioactive compounds were identified using an ACQUITY UPLC-PDA-MS system. The extracts contained 13 triterpenoids and 28 polyphenols from the flavonols, phenolic acids, flavones, flavan-3-ols, and stilbenes families. Ganoderic acid derivative was found to be the most abundant triterpenoid (162.4 mg/g DW), followed by ganoderic acid B (145.6 mg/g DW). Resveratrol was the most abundant phenolic in the extract (5155.7 mg/100 g DM). The findings could explain why G. lucidum extracts are used in folk medicine.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of a Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum
2023
This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, along with the determination of major fatty acids by GC-MS and the content of total phenolic compounds of Ganoderma lucidum naturally grown in Türkiye. The antioxidant activity was determined by widely used DPPH radical scavenging method. G. lucidum methanol extract exhibited a 90.81% scavenging activity of DPPH. The content of total phenolic compounds was determined as 235.19 µg GAE/mL by Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent method. The major fatty acids of G. lucidum were characterized by GC-MS. 2,6-di(t-butyl)-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (RT: 30.021 min), hexadecanoic acid (RT: 36.221 min), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (RT: 39.949 min), 9-octadecenoic acid (RT: 40.076 min) and octadecanoic acid (RT: 40.601 min) were found to be the predominant fatty acid compounds. The methanol and acetone extracts of G. lucidum were also tested against pathogenic microorganisms via agar disc diffusion method and exhibited various levels of inhibition. The highest antimicrobial activity was detected as 17.67±0.47 mm against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 strain by acetone extract.
The present study aims to investigate the physicochemical analysis of Ganoderma lucidium fruiting body powders were from Daxen Agritech India Pvt .Ltd, Himachal Pradesh. Ganoderma lucidium has been used for hundreds of years as a health promotion and treatment strategy. A number of bioactive compounds have been characterized from Ganoderma lucidium which are found to be responsible for their pharmacological potential. So a preliminary screening was done to reveal the bioactive constituents of Ganoderma lucidium. The phytochemical constituents extract was evaluated by using solvent like methanol and aqueous extract. The Phytochemical screening reveals that the Methanol extracts were a rich source of phytoconstituent containing alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, Flavanoids, Saponins, phenol, Triterpenoids and steroids. Whereas, water extract contain Saponins, tannins and phenol. Among the two solvents used for extraction, Methanol extract showed more number of Phytoconstituents followed by water extract. Methanol extract have higher solubility for more active phytochemical constituents in Ganoderma lucidium. Analysis for proximate constituent showed moisture contents , crude fibre crude fat, crude protein ,carbohydrates, nitrogen. The methanolic extract of Ganoderma lucidium showed highest amount of phenolic content. The presence of these essential physicochemical constituent implies that it can be used for its medicinal values in health care systems.