Education Policy (original) (raw)
Recent Development of Secondary School Coverage in Khartoum
Rising primary school enrolment has left governments struggling to meet the demand for secondary education. "There can be no escape from poverty without a vast expansion of secondary education," said Unesco's director-general Irina Bokova. "This is a minimum entitlement for equipping youth with the knowledge and skills they need to secure decent livelihoods in today's globalized world." This work oriented to analyze the development and distribution of secondary school services and its coverage in Khartoum state up to 2015 using ARC GIS. The research targeted the 25 years in the period 1990 to 2015 to study.The study was inducted every 5 years. GIS package used to created maps showing school locations,linked their metadata with spatial data then,building queries andanalyzing the data. Results showed that secondary schools to population were in its best attitude in 1995 then, it began to deteriorate. There has been no development in girls 'schools since 2006 and very low in boys' schools.Also, Analysis reflected decrease in different parts of Khartoum and a lake is exists in the southern areas.
General Education in Sudan, 2008
Education is not neutral, it is the picture and reflection of the State. Economic, social and political changes that occur in specific society influence education because educational policies in specific time express and show the aim of strata and class that rules the society.1 The time we live is the time of current revolution of science and technology, boom of knowledge and globalization where knowledge is not restricted by boarders throughout the five continents and where knowledge is not subjected to any kinds of permission.2 One of the sequences of the revolution of science and technology is the communication revolution that changed the world into one small village where any researcher throughout the world is entitled to and has access to recent researches in his field.3 Under this situation, the issue of education in Sudan jumps to the surface. Sad realities prevail when education in Sudan is considered: -One of these realities is that over 50% of Sudanese children who are entitled to education are not in schools.4 -High percentages of Students dropout. It is estimated that in 1984 that the percentages of dropout reached 40%. this percentage increased due to retreat of the state from providing free education since 1992. -Students who are enrolled in schools lacked trained teachers, accurate curriculums basic instruments, let alone computers.6 -Curriculum is lagged behind and suffers weakness and is inadaptable to new concepts of scientific technological revolution. It lacks awareness with issues such as Human Rights, woman status and environment.7 Curriculum is centered around Arabicization and Islamization that neglect African component of Sudanese culture, which threat the Sudanese national unity.8 It is worth to mention that this curriculum was not changed even after Nivasha Peace Agreement (CPA). -Curriculum does not encourage creativity as it depends of reciting by hearts, not thinking or development of mental abilities. -Current curriculum in Sudan is very poor as it adopted integration methods where three disciplines such as geography, history and science are collected together in one discipline known as Man and the world -Students have to pay for books, electricity, water, chalk and examinations. That led to broadening the gap between the haves and haves not, as those who do not pay will not be able to continue their studies
The Status of the Education Sector in Sudan
The Status of the Education Sector in Sudan, 2012
This volume is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
A paper on: Administrative Problems Facing the General Education in Upper Nile State, South Sudan
The study aims to highlight the administrative and financial problems facing the General Education Department in Upper Nile State. The researcher followed the descriptive approach in collecting study data through the questionnaire, which areconsidered main tool in collecting study information, in addition to the reports and publications of the Ministry of education and organizations related to the study. The results of the study concluded that the problems that weaken the performance of the educational administration in the state are the scarcity of the management budget, the absence of educational planning and training for workers in the field of education, the weakness and irregular payment of salaries by the government in addition to the absence of periodic maintenance budgets for schools and buildings of educational departments in the state that are all factors that limited The performance and quality of the educational process in the state under study. The study recommends several suggestions to improve the educational process in the state, namely:-Establishing a support fund for education in the state, by imposing fees for merchants, with monthly token deductions from salaries of state workers similar to the one done in Sudan.-Take an advantage of local materials to expand the construction of schools in governorates and villages, while taking an advantage of local materials in the manufacture of school furniture locally to reduce costs.-Providing training opportunities for administrators, mentors, and teachers with a budget for periodic maintenance of state schools from time to time.-The researcher hopes that this study will help to highlight the problems facing the education administration in the state, taking into account the recommendations of the study, and therefore to motivate those wishing in the field of education to conduct future studies that help develop the educational process in the state.
Examining the Contemporary Status of an Education System: The Case of the Republic of South Sudan
This paper attempts to examine the contemporary status of an education system. The paper takes the case of the Republic of South Sudan. The key issues the paper will examine are the education enrollment and completion rates while paying particular attention to inequalities in both access and quality among racial or ethnic groups, males and females, in rural and urban areas. Furthermore, the paper will also look at if there are programs and policies in South Sudan which improve educational opportunities for poor or marginalized communities given the actuality that the country is in state of conflict. Finally the paper will also gauge some of the evaluation mechanisms put in place on the education sector.
Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 2024
Given the quest for universal basic education, the large enrolments in the Nigerian secondary educational institutions has resulted in the problem of over-crowded classes, shortage of teachers and shortages of classroom, which portend enormous challenges to the development of the educational sector in Ogun state. Using Ogun Central as a case study, the study identified the spatial pattern of the schools; analyzing students’ enrolment trends in the area, and identifying the factors associated with the observed pattern. Spatial analysis tool in ArcGIS was used to analyze both the spatial accessibility index and the students’ annual enrolment trend of the lower secondary school in the area. The result of the nearest neighbor analysis for the spatial pattern of lower secondary schools in the study revealed a random pattern. This pattern implies that the lower secondary schools are located far from one another, which indicates, that for students to attend the schools, most of them need to cover long distances. The spatial distribution of junior secondary school is influenced by socioeconomic status, environmental factors, demographic characteristics, transportation infrastructure, and geographic accessibility, which are key determinants of educational equity. Linear regression analysis was employed to identify trends and predict future enrollments of students. Further, the results of the trend analysis of enrolments of students in the zone from 2020 – 2023 reveal a negative trend. This implies a decrease in students’ enrolment as the year increases. The four years (2020 – 2023) annual trend of enrolments in the zone is represented by the negative trend y = -3180.3x + 99400. This result suggests that the students’ enrolments in the zone would gradually keep decreasing as time goes on if quick remedial actions are not taken. However, factors such as shortage of teachers, shortage of classrooms, COVID-19, insufficient infrastructural facilities and fuel subsidy removal could be responsible for the negative enrolment trend
Education Development Tendencies in the Region (Based on Bashkortostan Republic Materials)
Proceedings of the Ecological-Socio-Economic Systems: Models of Competition and Cooperation (ESES 2019), 2020
Human development has a direct impact on the economic well-being and competitiveness of a country. Among the positive trends, it should be noted that over the period from 2010 to 2017 in the Republic of Bashkortostan, the number of pupils of preschool educational organizations increased by 41%, the number of teachers in them increased by 12%, the proportion of teachers with higher professional education increased from 43% to 58 % However, in the region, there is a decrease in the prestige of working in schools (a decrease in the number of teachers was 19% with an increase in the number of students by 6%); in-state educational organizations implementing programs for training mid-level specialists, the number of teachers decreased by 14%, with a general decrease in the number of students by 2% and admission by 3%. A decrease in the number of universities by 33% was accompanied by a decrease in the number of students by 35% and a decrease in the number of faculty by 33%. A decrease in interest in scientific activity is accompanied by a reduction in the number of graduate students by 44%, and a decrease in admission to graduate school by 61% and a fourfold reduction in the number of defense of dissertations after graduation. The demographic decline and the decline in the prestige of higher education deteriorate human resources. There is no migration increase, a significant part of the migration loss is made up by migrants with higher education, the population of the republic is aging, and the number of able-bodied people is decreasing. The unemployment rate is falling, however, the proportion of unemployed with higher education is growing. Certain measures for the development of human capital in the region are taken by the state. Budget expenditures on education in the Republic of Bashkortostan and Russia as a whole increase, national projects, and federal programs are launched to develop regions, attract highly qualified specialists (teachers, doctors, especially in rural areas) and increase investment attractiveness. The results of these measures can be evaluated in the future, in the medium and long term.