Confirmation of Medjool' Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) as a Landrace Variety by a Study of Medjool' Accessions from Morocco Using AFLP Markers (original) (raw)
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Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 2006
We studied 66 `Medjool' date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) accessions from Morocco, six varieties of dates from Egypt, and four `Medjool' accessions and one `Deglet Noor' accession from California to investigate the hypothesis that `Medjool' is a landrace variety in Morocco. We used four sets of fluorescent-labeled amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to examine these accessions. A total of 402 bands were generated, of which 217 were polymorphic (54.0%). The 66 `Medjool' accessions from Morocco shared a minimum of 79% genetic similarity. These results support the hypothesis that `Medjool' is a landrace variety in Morocco and it is not genetically uniform. `Medjool' is the first confirmed landrace variety of date palm in the world. This finding raises the possibility that other date palms may be landrace varieties in different growing areas. Confirmation of a landrace variety in date palm has significant implication for future date palm ge...
2012
Date palm breeding is challenging because of its long juvenility and dioecity. Genetic variation between cultivars is a prerequisite to develop improved varieties. DNA fingerprinting is an effective method for date palm cultivar identification, examining genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis. This review discusses the different markers used in DNA fingerprinting and phylogeny analysis of date palm varieties and the advances achieved. The date palm fingerprint analyses reported so far are neither comprehensive nor particularly clear because of variable variety nomenclature, a large number of uninvestigated new introductions, and uneven geographic sampling, which itself leads to inconsistent nomenclature. Most of the molecular markers utilized such as RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, ISSR and SSR have some limitations related to their cost, ease of use, robustness, dominance/co dominance and polymorphism level. Nuclear Microsatellite or (SSR) markers seem to fulfill most of the requirements to achieve accurate analysis of date palm fingerprints and phylogeny. The need for coordinated international, or at least regional, efforts to establish a comprehensive DNA fingerprint data set and phylogeny of all date palm cultivars is discussed in this review.
Euphytica, 1998
Genetic variation among 43 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) accessions, including 37 accessions from Morocco and 6 cultivars from Iraq and Tunisia, was studied using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The pre-screening of 123 primers on four genotypes allowed selection of 19 primers which revealed polymorphism and gave reproducible results. All 43 analysed genotypes were distinguishable by their band patterns. RAPD technology therefore appears very effective for identifying accessions of date palm. RAPD-based genetic distance was used to determine the relationships between the accessions. The grouping-association identified by cluster analysis was rather weak. However, morphologically similar varieties clustered together. A relatively low polymorphism and a lack of evident organisation are observed among the date palm varieties grown in Morocco. This could be related to the mode of introduction and maintenance of the Moroccan date palm germplasm involving limited foundation germplasm, exchange of cultivars between plantations, and periodic development of new recombinant cultivars following sexual reproduction.
International journal of biodiversity, bioprocessing and development, 2014
In Morocco, date palm is the most important arboricultural crop and little is known about its germplasm. Thus, this work aimed at analyzing genetic diversity among 200 date palms sampled from three oases (Figuig, Tata and Zagora) of Morocco using microsatellite markers. Among these palms, 191 were females, belonging to 26 cultivars, and 9 were males. Eighteen primers were used for the analysis of their genetic diversity. Only 15 primers amplified successfully all the samples. The total number of alleles was 116 and the percentage of polymorphic loci was high and ranged between 60 and 100% with an average of 93.33%. The genetic similarity values ranged from 0.146 to 0.745. The molecular variance analysis showed 64% of variability among cultivars. The obtained dendrogram showed three groups and generally, a good structuring of cultivars. However, we noticed one case of homonymy among cultivars. In fact "Tadmant" cultivar of Figuig was different from "Tadmant" of Tata and Zagora. Males were clustered in two main subgroups.
2012
In Morocco, as in most of North Africa countries, date palm plantations are currently in danger of being destroyed due to "Bayoud" disease. However, little is known about Moroccan date palm germplasm. Thus, this preliminary work aimed at analyzing genetic diversity among 128 date palms sampled from the Figuig oasis (Morocco) using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Among these palms, 121 were females, belonging to 11 cultivars, and 7 were males. Eighteen primers were used for the analysis of their genetic diversity. Only 15 primers amplified successfully, all the samples. The total number of alleles was 107 and the percentage of polymorphic loci was high and was ranged between 80 and 100% with an average of 96.11%. "Tadmant" and "Tgharas" cultivars were the closest genetically however "Mejhoul" and "Aziza manzou" cultivars were the farthest. The molecular variance analysis showed 59% of variability among cultivars. The obtained de...
SCoT molecular markers and genetic fingerprinting of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2019
Phoenix dactylifera L. has about 400 date palm cultivars in Iran with very confined information on their genetic structure and content. Up to now, our date palm cultivation has been based on traditional approached and therefore we need to move towards modern approaches of molecular breeding and biotechnology. The present study was performed on 113 date palm trees of 13 known cultivars, cultivated in different regions of Iran. We used SCoT molecular marker for our genetic investigation with the following aims: 1-Investigate genetic diversity both among and with date palm cultivars, 2-Identify genetic groups within these 13 cultivars, and 3-produce data on the genetic structure of date palm cultivars. The results obtained revealed a high within-population genetic variability. The studied cultivars differed genetically as evidenced by analysis of molecular variance and Fst values obtained in STRUCTURE analysis. Gene flow and genetic admixture were observed among date palm cultivars. No association occurred between geographical distance and genetic distance of date palm populations studied. The results indicated the efficiency of SCoT markers in genetic diversity analysis and genetic fingerprinting of date palms. Similarly, data obtained may be used in future breeding and hybridization programs of Iranian date palms.
Journal of Horticultural Science, 2019
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a monocot, dioecious and high longevity tropical plant greatly considered due to its high economic importance in Middle East. This investigation was carried out to detect genetic relations among 34 cultivars of Iranian date palm, both males and females, using ISSR markers. Accordingly, total DNA was extracted using CTAB method and was subjected to PCR amplification using 12 ISSR primers. Analysis of ISSR data indicated that PIC value varied from 0.3695 to 0.4998 with average of 0.4497. The highest PIC value belonged to (CT)10 G primer (0.4498). Totally, 112 alleles were recognized. According to morphological attributes and ISSR markers, the 34 studied date cultivars divided into eight main groups and different sub-groups, and no significant correlation between grouping made by morphological and molecular markers. Unlike ISSR markers that produced a clear-cut among male and female cultivars, no distinct border was seen among male and female culti...
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, H. Botany
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the most ancient cultivated fruit crops belong to family Arecaceae. It is mainly grown in the arid regions of the Middle East and North Africa (Barrow, 1998; Zohary and Hopf, 2000; Chao and Krueger, 2007). Egypt is the world's largest date palm average yield producers, representing about 20% of global production (FAO, 2014). Biodiversity conservation of date palm is a crucial concern to maintain the diverse number of date palm cultivars in Egypt (Rizk et al., 2004). Progress in any genetic conservation scheme relies on understanding the genetic variation existing in the gene pool (
Genetic Variation in the Tunisian Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)
Desert Plants, 2009
Phoenix dactylifera L. was introduced in Tunisia a very long time ago and plays an important socioeconomic role, especially in the south of the country. Genetic diversity and relationships among 26 cultivars were assessed with 7 ISSR primers. A total of 43 amplifi ed bands were obtained. Principal component analyses based on Nei genetic distances showed no geographical separation with the exception of the Dhahbi cultivar, which has a limited geographical distribution. A group of cultivars that are also phonetically clustered was distinguished. Th ese cultivars have a common maturity period and a common fruit consistency. Th e Mantel test emphasizes a signifi cant correlation between genetic distance and fruit consistency (r = −0.120; P = 0.026). A signifi cant diff erentiation was observed between the soft and dry subpopulations (PhiPT = 0.126; P = 0.007). Discriminant analyses highlight the association of markers with fruit consistency groups. Fruit consistency is an economically important feature. In the future, these fi ndings may be utilized for improving management strategies in Tunisia and other countries where date palms are economically signifi cant.