Unlinked vital events in census-based longitudinal studies can bias subsequent analysis (original) (raw)
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HRB Open Research, 2020
Background: Research on mortality at the population level has been severely restricted by an absence of linked death registration and survey data in Ireland. We describe the steps taken to link death registration information with survey data from a nationally representative prospective study of community-dwelling older adults. We also provide a profile of decedents among this cohort and compare mortality rates to population-level mortality data. Finally, we compare the utility of analysing underlying versus contributory causes of death. Methods: Death records were obtained for 779 (90.3% of all confirmed deaths at that time) and linked to individual level survey data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Results: Overall, 9.1% of participants died during the nine-year follow-up period and the average age at death was 75.3 years. Neoplasms were identified as the underlying cause of death for 37.0%; 32.9% of deaths were attributable to diseases of the circulatory syst...
Patterns of mortality in second generation Irish living in England and Wales: longitudinal study
BMJ, 1996
Objective-To examine the mortality of second generation Irish living in England and Wales. Design-Longitudinal study of 1% of the population of England and Wales (longitudinal study by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (now the Office for National Statistics)) followed up from 1971 to 1989. Subjects-3075 men and 3233 women aged 15 and over in 1971. Main outcome measures-Age and sex specific standardised mortality ratios for all causes, cancers, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and injuries and poisonings. Deaths were also analysed by socioeconomic indicators. Results-786 deaths were traced to men and 762 to women. At working ages (men, aged 15-64; women, 15-59) the mortality ofmen (standardised mortality ratio 126) and women (129) was significantly higher than that of all men and all women. At ages 15-44, relative disadvantages were even greater both for men (145) and for women (164). Mortality was raised for most major causes of death. Significant excess mortality from cancers was seen for men ofworking age (132) and for women aged 60 and over (122). At working ages mortality of the second generation Irish in every social class and in the categories of car access and housing tenure was higher than that of all men and all women in the corresponding categories. Adjusting for these socioeconomic indicators did not explain the excess mortality. Conclusion-Mortality of second generation Irish men and women was higher than that of all men and all women and for most major causes of death. While socioeconomic factors remain important, cultural and lifestyle factors are likely to contribute to this adverse mortality.
Death and deprivation: an exploratory analysis of deaths in the Health and Lifestyle survey
Social Science & Medicine, 2000
An analysis is undertaken of deaths of respondents in the UK-representative Health and Lifestyle Survey. The sample was originally interviewed in 1984/5 and followed initially until May 1997. Using multilevel logistic and Cox-proportional hazards models, the relationships between death and a wide range of social circumstances and behaviours is explored. It is found that place deprivation interacts with individual social class in accounting for variations in mortality. This is the case even when account is taken of personal health-related behaviour. There appears to be some evidence of a threshold relationship such that the dierential eects of social class are only found at high-levels of deprivation. No statistically signi®cant interactions are found for social and behavioural variables, for behavioural and place deprivation variables, and for social and place deprivation variables with the exception of social class. The study is deliberately exploratory and a wide range of models have been ®tted which will be subject to more rigorous evaluation as the HALS death study proceeds. #
Anonymous linkage of New Zealand mortality and Census data
Australian and New …, 2000
discretion of the Government Statistician to allow authoritative research of benefit to the public of New Zealand. The New Zealand Census-Mortality Study (NZCMS) is the first time the NZ Census has been linked to an administrative dataset for purposes apart from improving the quality of SNZ surveys. The NZCMS is a short duration cohort study of the 1991 Census night population age 0-74 years, followed up for mortality for three years. The priority goals of the NZCMS are to: • investigate socioeconomic mortality gradients in New Zealand by a wide range of socioeconomic factors (labour force status, education, income, occupational class, and asset ownership), for different age groups (0-74 years), and both sexes; and. • investigate possible variation in the relationship of personal socioeconomic factors with mortality by community variables such as deprivation, income inequality, region and social capital. A longer-term goal is to monitor changes over time in socioeconomic mortality gradients, by linking other censuses to mortality data. The objective of this paper is to describe the methods used in the record linkage, and to present the results of the record linkage in terms of the proportion of mortality records linked, likely accuracy, and bias.
The mortality of first and second generation Irish immigrants in the U.K
Social Science & Medicine, 1990
Irish have generally been ignored in studies of the health needs of ethnic groups in the U.K. despite being the largest immigrant group and having the highest Standardised Mortality Ratio of all first generation immigrants. Using the OPCS Longitudinal Study, the present paper shows that this excess mortality persists into the second generation Irish in the U.K., regardless of the part of Ireland from which their parents originated or whether one or both parents were Irish. The effects of social class, age, sex, year of entry to the U.K. and period of death are explored, and variations with these factors are found to be complex.
PLoS medicine, 2018
Migrant and ethnic minority groups are often assumed to have poor health relative to the majority population. Few countries have the capacity to study a key indicator, mortality, by ethnicity and country of birth. We hypothesized at least 10% differences in mortality by ethnic group in Scotland that would not be wholly attenuated by adjustment for socio-economic factors or country of birth. We linked the Scottish 2001 Census to mortality data (2001-2013) in 4.62 million people (91% of estimated population), calculating age-adjusted mortality rate ratios (RRs; multiplied by 100 as percentages) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 13 ethnic groups, with the White Scottish group as reference (ethnic group classification follows the Scottish 2001 Census). The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, education status, and household tenure were socio-economic status (SES) confounding variables and born in the UK or Republic of Ireland (UK/RoI) an interacting and confounding variable. Sm...