Assessment of Traffic Related Air Pollution and Ambient Air Quality of Metropolitan Cities (Case Study of Pune City) (original) (raw)
Related papers
Monitoring of ambient air quality in relation to traffic density in Bareilly City(U.P.), India
An ambient air quality study was undertaken in Bareilly city, U.P., India during the year 2010 and 2011. The seasonal air quality data was obtained from ten monitoring sites across the city considering sampling site of Cantt as control site. The maximum (713.06±55.64 μg/m3) suspended particulate matter (SPM), sulphur dioxide (SO2) (80.08±4.77 μg/m3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) (64.98±3.53 μg/m3) level was found at Choupla during the winter 2011. Among the annual mean values of air pollutants were analyzed, SPM level was found to be above the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) (200 μg/m3) at all the polluted sites. SO2 and NOx levels were below the threshold limits (80 μg/m3) as per NAAQS. The ambient air quality was correlated with the traffic density in the city. The pollution level was observed to be positively correlated with traffic density which is the major source of air pollution in the city. The ambient air quality at different monitoring sites was categorized into...
Cities and town plays a vital role in promoting economic growth and prosperity in country. With growing population, vehicular air pollution is detected as an eminent problem in Rajkot city due to high growth of motorized vehicles. The increase in travel demand has resulted in rapid growth of number of motor vehicles, buses and other mode of transportation in the arterial and sub arterial road of Rajkot city. Environmental analysis of transportation system is an inclusive and demanding task. Traffic induced emissions pose a serious threat to air quality in many metropolitan cities. Along with increase in motorized vehicles in city amount of CO, CO2, SOX, NOX, and particular matter is also drastically increasing which cause unhealthy air to breathe in urban areas. The results of the study are discussed and contribution of each of the measures is evaluated. The results are carried out to quantify the emissions of interest for analyzation and traffic air pollution prediction model is developed according to that.
AIR POLLUTION DUE TO ROAD TRANSPORTATION IN INDIA: A REVIEW ON ASSESSMENT AND REDUCTION STRATEGIES
Journal of Environmental Research And Deve lopment , 2013
Rapid urbanization and growth of motor vehicles impose a serious effect on human life and its environment in recent years. Most of the cities of India are being suffered by extremely high level of urban air pollution particularly in the form of CO, SO2, NO2, PM (Particulate Matter) and RSPM (Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter). Transport sectors contributes a major share to environmental pollution (around 70%). A among these pollutants CO is the major pollutant coming from the transport sector, contributing 90% of total emission. Hydrocarbons are next to CO .It is indeed interesting to observe that the contribution of transport sector to the particulate pollution is as less as 3-5%, most of the SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter) are generated due to re -suspension of dust out of which PM10 is the most prominent air pollutant. NOx is another important air quality indicator. All these situations indicate that air pollution becoming a major problem in Indian context and there is an essential need to built up healthy environment and increase level of research around the world. The present study is a review of an assessment model for emitted pollutants and effective strategies to reduce air pollution due to road transport.
Traffic congestion increases vehicle emissions and degrades ambient air quality, and recent studies have shown excess morbidity and mortality for drivers, commuters and individuals living near major roadways. Presently, our understanding of the air pollution impacts of congestion on the roads is very limited. This study demonstrates an approach to characterize the risks of traffic for on- and near-road populations. An incremental analysis, which expresses the change in health risks for small increases in traffic volume, showed non-linear effects. For a freeway, “U” shaped trends of incremental risks were predicted for on-road populations, and incremental risks are flat at low traffic volumes for near-road populations. For an arterial road, the incremental risks increased sharply for both on- and near-road populations as traffic increased. These patterns result from changes in emission factors, the NO2–NOx relationship, the travel delay for the on-road population, and the extended duration of rush hour for the near-road population. This study suggests that the health risks from congestion are potentially significant, and that additional traffic can significantly increase risks, depending on the type of road and other factors. Further, evaluations of risk associated with congestion must consider travel time, the duration of rush-hour, congestion-specific emission estimates, and uncertainties.
Emission profile of pollutants due to traffic in Lucknow City, India
The human behaviors over the last few decades have changed the global atmospheric condition. Industrial emissions, transportation, intensification of agricultural practices and urban development have directly elevated the levels of pollutant gases such as CO2, NO2, CO and Particulate Matter (PM), which are probably to have inconsiderate climatic implications. Study is based on emissions from 2-Wheelers, 3-Wheelers, 4-Wheelers, Light Commercial Vehicles (LCVs) and Heavy Vehicles (HVs) at Lucknow City, India for three consecutive months; February 1, 2014 to April 30, 2014. The concentration of SO2, PM, CO and NO2 of selected location was 0.21 µg/m 3 , 6.27 µg/m 3 , 74.28 µg/m 3 and 40.64 µg/m 3 at Hazaratganj Road where as for Kalidas road it was 0.11 µg/m 3 , 2.87 µg/m 3 , 35.78 µg/m 3 and 18.77 µg/m 3 , respectively. The concentrations of above pollutants were more at Hazaratganj Road as compare to Kalidas road. The emissions profile of SO2, PM, CO and NO2 were within national ambient air quality standard.
Dhanbad, the city of Jharkhand is famous for its coal reserve. always has been center point among researchers. Vehicular emissions have been major source for air quality crises in Dhanbad after mining. This study assessed the effect of vehicular emissions on air quality of high traffic intersection. In order to find pollution behavior at different shift of the day air quality survey was conducted at four prominent locations. In the result, it is seen permitted level. It is highest in third shifts (16:00 component identifies possible correlation between source and pollutant increase in vehicular traffic dramatically increases pollutant concentration namely Pb, PM PM2.5, CO at major intersection of the city.
Comparative Assessment of Air Quality of Major Cities of Uttar Pradesh, India
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2017
In Indian urban cities, air pollution is mostly visible now days due to rapid increase in urbanization, commercialization and industrialization. In the last few decades, the human behaviours have changed the global atmospheric condition, the present study deals with the quantitative effect of vehicular emission on ambient air quality during Feb 2017-April 2017 in the monitoring at 6 locations viz: three in Lucknow and three in Kanpur city. The Assessment of ambient air quality was undertaken on the basis of following air pollutants which were Particulate Matter (PM2.5 & PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The PM2.5 & PM10 level at all the locations were higher than the NAAQS limits. The SO2 & NO2 levels at all the locations below than the NAAQS limits. Overall, it is indicating an alarm on the substantial level of air pollution impacting Lucknow city environment and ultimately affecting its human health. It is suggested that major steps be initiated immediately to ...
Status Report on Air Pollution from Vehicles in Amritsar City
Technical Report, 2009
The city of Amritsar (Lat. 31° 37' 59'' and Long. 74° 51' 56'') is situated in the State of Punjab in the north-western region of India. On account of increase in the population over the years, there has been an incessant increase in the number of vehicles, which is a serious cause of concern and ecological imbalance in the city. The problem is being further aggravated by increasing migration from the neighboring states. The road transport has been a major source of urban air pollution in the town. Both petrol and diesel engine vehicles contribute to pollution. The principal vehicular pollutants are carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), hydrocarbons (HC), suspended particulate matter, a varying amount of sulphur dioxide and lead compounds. The main objective of the present study was to compare emission of pollutants viz. CO, HC and NOX for different vehicles like two-wheelers, three-wheelers, four-wheelers (petrol) viz., cars/jeeps, and four-wheeler (diesel) vehicles in Amritsar. The vehicular data was collected from District Transport Office, Amritsar for the years 2004-2009. For the years 2004-2009 the total numbers of registered vehicles were: two-wheelers- 1,26,905 three-wheelers- 4,390 four-wheelers (petrol)- 28,901, and four-wheelers (diesel)- 7,191 respectively. Annual emission of pollutants (CO, HC and NOX) from different vehicles was calculated by annual fuel consumption (tonnes/year) of respective vehicle. The results of the study show that the total pollution load on the city per year for CO is 4,534.33 tonnes/year, for HC is 2,428.45 tonnes/year and for NOX is 167.02 tonnes/year. CO and HC emissions due to two-wheelers were enormously high, that is 2,204.41 tonnes/year and 1,559.04 tonnes/year respectively. NOX emission due to four-wheelers/diesel vehicles is 67.83 tonnes/year, which is low as compared to the CO and HC emissions. Therefore two-wheelers contribute maximum amount of emission of CO (49%) and HC (65%), among all the vehicles, thus revealing a high pollution load on the city.
IJERT-Assessment of Impact of Vehicular Pollution on Ambient Air Quality A Case Study of Nagpur City
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2021
https://www.ijert.org/assessment-of-impact-of-vehicular-pollution-on-ambient-air-quality-a-case-study-of-nagpur-city https://www.ijert.org/research/assessment-of-impact-of-vehicular-pollution-on-ambient-air-quality-a-case-study-of-nagpur-city-IJERTV10IS060206.pdf The rapid development in urban India has resulted in a tremendous increase in the number of motor vehicles. In some cities, this has doubled in the last decade. Rapid urbanization and growth of motor vehicles impose a serious effect on human life and the environment in recent years. Motor vehicles are a significant source of urban air pollution and are increasingly important contributors of anthropogenic carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Transport sector contributes a major sector, contributing 90% of total emissions. Air pollution is a serious environmental health threat to humans. Adverse effects range from nausea, difficulty in breathing and skin irritations, birth defects, immunosuppression and cancer. All these situations indicate that air pollution becoming a major problem in Indian context and there is an essential need to build up healthy environment and increase the level of research around the world. Indian cities are facing the problem of severe air pollution and vehicles are a major source. The economically vibrant cities like Delhi, Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad, Mumbai provide numerous job opportunities and hence have a large vehicle population. These cities thus contribute the largest share in emissions of pollutants. Other growing cities like, Jaipur, Pune, Coimbatore, Nagpur are also emitting a lot of pollutants. The present study is a case study of an increase in vehicular pollution in Nagpur.
Analysis Of Highway Air Pollution
The traffic is growing at rapid rate in urban areas of India and the management of traffic operations on the limited road network of the cities has become a gigantic task to the concerned authorities. Despite the concerted efforts of concerned authorities aimed at augmenting road infrastructure, traffic congestion is continuing to increase leading to environmental degradation. Eventually, a major study was commissioned by the Government of India to quantify urban travel by road and associated air pollutants coming from automobile exhausts in eight cities namely, Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kanpur and Agra. The main objective was to make an accurate assessment of total number of vehicles and develop database and techniques to estimate road traffic and pollution loads in each city. This paper describes operating characteristics of traffic and quantification of traffic and air pollution loads (base and horizon year) on major road network of Chennai city. Comparatively urbanization is moderate in India. This is because the major contributor to the Indian economy is agriculture and it is rural based. As per the Census of India 2001, the urban population of India is around 28 percent of the total population. This proportion of urban population has grown from ten percent in 1901 to twenty eight percent in 2001. The disturbing aspect of the urbanization trends in India is the skewed distribution of the urban population. Nearly seventy percent of the urban population is located in Class-I cities (i.e. population of 100 Thousand and above). Further, 38 percent of the total urban population is located in metropolitan cities (i.e. population of 1 million and above) numbering about thirty-five. This heavy concentration of population in a few centers has resulted in the expansion of cities in density as well as area.