High lipid storage in vacoular forms of subtype 6 blastocystis sp. in ostrich (original) (raw)
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Parasites & vectors, 2018
Blastocystis sp. is a common protozoan parasite frequently identified in the digestive tract of humans and a large variety of animal hosts worldwide, including birds. It exhibits a large genetic diversity with the identification of 17 subtypes (STs), most of them with low host specificity. ST6 and ST7 were identified in birds and suggested to represent avian STs only in the context of scarce small-scale epidemiological surveys. Moreover, these two STs also account for a significant proportion of human infections whose zoonotic origin has never been clearly confirmed. Therefore, molecular screening of Blastocystis sp. was conducted by quantitative real-time PCR for fecal samples from poultry farms and their in-contact humans from slaughterhouses in Lebanon. In parallel, a control group consisting of patients hospitalized in the same geographical area and reporting no contact with poultry was also screened for the presence of the parasite. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis sp. wa...
Southeast Asia Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2018
The frequent consumption of chicken products in Malaysia raises the concern about the risk for contracting Blastocystis infection from this consumption. We aimed to investigate the current prevalence, ultrastructure and subtypes of Blastocystis sp isolated from feces of free-range and barn-reared chickens in Peninsular Malaysia. Fresh fecal samples were collected and examined microscopically and cultured in Jones' medium supplemented with 10% horse serum. The infection rate was 26.2% (47 chickens were positive for Blastocystis out of 179 chickens) with significantly higher infection rate observed in the free-range chickens (34.3%; 36/105) compared to the barn-reared population (14.9%; 11/74) (p=0.004). The most common form of the organism seen on culture was vacuolar form. The sizes seen on culture ranged from 10 µm to 100 µm. The cell bodies stained with Sudan Black B were positive for lipids. On examination with electron microscopy, smooth surface and electron-dense central vacuoles were seen in the cell bodies of those isolated from the free-range chickens but not the barn-reared chickens which consists of coarse surface and electron-opaque central vacuole. Blastocystis isolates were subsequently subjected for DNA barcoding method and four subtypes were identified. This is the first published study to evaluate the prevalence, surface structure, ultrastructure and subtypes of Blastocystis sp isolated from free-range and barn-reared chicken in Malaysia.
Bacteriological Studies On Eggs, Gastrointestinal And Reproductive Tract Secretions Of Ostriches
2018
Ostrich birds are less sensitive to infectious agents because ostrich need additional factors and circumstances to manifest clinical diseases. Most ostrich diseases are multi-factorial, such as, yolk-sac retention infection, poor hygiene during egg handling and problem during or soon after naval of hatching that is initially gut colonization due to pathogenic bacteria. A total of 150 samples were processed and different types of bacterial microorganisms identified through biochemical tests. Among the egg shell E. coli (12%), Citrobacter (6%), Staph. aureus (2%) and Klebsiella (4%) were the main incriminating organisms. In egg yolk isolated bacteria were E. coli (6%) and Citrobacter (2%) while in egg albumin E.coli (4%) and Klebsiella (2%) respectively. The bacteria isolated from reproductive tract were E.coli (2%), Klebsiella (2%), and Serratia (2%) while from gastrointestinal tract secretion samples revealed E.coli (4%), Citrobactor (2%) and Klebsiella (2%). Bacterial pathogens could tolerate rapidly in harsh environmental fluctuations and exposure to various toxic chemicals in order to survive. While, the mechanisms under which these pathogens can survive and proliferate under such extreme environmental conditions are largely unknown, a little research has been carried out on disease and disease related problems in ostrich. Present investigation/study is first ever attempting of its nature in ostrich birds in Quetta.
Isolation and Identification of Intestinal Protozoa from Ostriches in Middle of Iraq
2020
Samples were collected from the feces of 50 ostriches, which were examined by direct smears. With and without centrifugation; cysts and oocysts of protozoa and nematode eggs were examined in fecal sample. The results of this work were as follows: Trophozoites and cysts of Entamoeba spp., cyst of Giardia spp., oocyst of Cryptosporidium spp., oocyst of Eimeria spp. and Isospora sp. egg were recorded, After data analysis, it was concluded that Ostriches were infected enzootically by nematode and protozoan species (Mix parasite infection). There are a few records on infections with intestinal protozoa in ostriches of Iraq. Eimeria spp. (protozoa), belong to parasites causing the most serious economic losses in ratites in the world. As farming of these big birds is still in the beginning, many years of research and development are necessary to reach levels of medical and technological progress that is nowadays practiced in poultry industry. The current study aims to record and identify i...
Blastocystis sp. from food animals in India
Blastocystis, a zoonotic protozoan found in the intestinal tracts of a wide range of animals, has not been reported from non-human hosts from India so far. Organisms indistinguishable from Blastocystis sp. were identified in the Giemsa stained intestinal scrapings collected from carcasses of piglet and poultry that were brought for necropsy to the Central University Laboratory, Chennai.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF Blastocystis sp. ISOLATED FROM CHICKEN IN PERAK AND SELANGOR, MALAYSIA
Blastocystis is considered to be a zoonoses and it is believed that animals such as chicken constitute large reservoirs for human infection via the faecal-oral route. Therefore, Blastocystis infection was surveyed in free-range chicken and cage-reared chicken consisting of domestic chicken for consumption as well jungle fowls kept for hobby. Fresh faecal samples collected were examined by wet smear preparation and were cultured in Jones medium supplemented with 10% horse serum. Out of ninety chickens, it was found that most of the free-range chicken was positive for Blastocystis sp. with a high prevalence rate of 80-100% in village chicken, jungle fowl and white silkie chicken. However, the cage-reared chicken, consisting of broiler chicken had no infection. The vacuolar or vacuolated form was the most common Blastocystis cell form found in cultures, similar to B. hominis. These cells were usually spherical and vary greatly in size, ranging from 10μm to 30μm in diameter. Owing to th...
International Journal for Parasitology, 2009
Blastocystis isolates from 56 Danish synanthropic and zoo animals, 62 primates primarily from United Kingdom (UK) collections and 16 UK primate handlers were subtyped by PCR, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. A new subtype (ST) from primates and artiodactyls was identified and designated as Blastocystis sp. ST10. STs isolated from non-human primates (n = 70) included ST3 (33%), ST8 (21%), ST2 (16%), ST5 (13%), ST1 (10%), ST4 (4%) and ST10 (3%). A high prevalence of ST8 was seen among primate handlers (25%). This ST is normally very rare in humans, suggesting that acquisition of Blastocystis ST8 infections from primates by their handlers had occurred in these cases. Data from published studies of non-human primates, other mammals and birds were collected and interpreted to generate a comprehensive overview on the ST distribution in such animals. On the basis of information on 438 samples, it was found that Blastocystis from primates belong mainly to ST1, ST2, ST3, ST5 and ST8, ungulates and dogs mainly ST1, ST2, ST3, ST5 and ST10, rodents ST4 and birds mainly ST6 and ST7. The data indicate moderate host specificity, most clearly exemplified by the fact that STs isolated from avian and non-avian hosts rarely overlap.
Blastocystis, an unrecognized parasite: an overview of pathogenesis and diagnosis
Therapeutic advances in infectious disease, 2013
Blastocystis sp. is among the few enteric parasites with a prevalence that often exceeds 5% in the general population of industrialized countries and can reach 30-60% in developing countries. This parasite is frequently found in people who are immunocompromised (patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or cancer) and a higher risk of Blastocystis sp. infection has been found in people with close animal contact. Such prevalence in the human population and the zoonotic potential naturally raise questions about the impact of these parasites on public health and has increased interest in this area. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shed new light on the pathogenic power of this parasite, suggesting that Blastocystis sp. infection is associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, may play a significant role in irritable bowel syndrome, and may be linked with cutaneous lesions (urticaria). Despite recent significant advances in the kno...
Surface ultrastructure of Blastocystis sp. isolated from cattle
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Blastocystis sp is a protozoan parasite commonly detected in the intestinal tract of humans and various animals that causes zoonotic blastocystosis. The pathogenic potential of Blastocystis is still being evaluated, some Blastocystis sp are completely pathogenic, while others can be considered commensal and hypothetical, related to the role of the surface coat of Blastocystis sp. This study aimed to compare the surface ultrastructure of Blastocystis sp. in cattle with diarrhea and non diarrhea by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Four Blastocystis sp. isolates were selected from the faeces of four positives cattle which consisted of two diarrhea and two non-diarrhea cattle. The result showed that Blastocystis sp. in cattle appeared in round shape and reproduced by binary fission. The surface cell of Blastocystis sp. isolates from diarrhea cattle had a rough surface while organism of non diarrhea cattle isolates was very smooth. Bacteria were seen attached to the surface of Blastocystis sp. from diarrhea cattle faeces. In conclusion, the features of the surface structure of Blastocystis sp. correlated with symptomatic appearance. The surface structure of Blastocystis sp. isolates from cattle with diarrhea was rougher than non diarrhea.
2016
Blastocystis genus exist in a wide variety of hosts, including humans, birds, insects, annelids, amphibians, fish, and mammals. PCR-based molecular diagnostic methods have been successfully used to detect Blastocystis spp. in feces, and small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) gene-based subtyping is the preferred method for diagnosis. There has been discussion about the subtypes of Blastocystis spp. which has been detected so far. To date, 26 different subtypes have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the existence and diversity of Blastocystis spp. in cattle. In our study, a total of 80 stool samples were collected from cows and calves at 13 different farms in Burdur and one farm in Aydın. Using molecular method, a total of 9 samples out of 80 samples were found to be positive (11.25%) for Blastocystis. As a result of sequence analysis of Blastocystis positive samples, the subtype 14 was detected on seven samples, while in the other two samples, Blastocystis subtype 10 was identified. The ST10 and ST14 subtypes are commonly reported in animals but not isolated from human. Our analyses showed genetic differences among Blastocystis subtypes. Our study is the first Blastocystis subtyping study from cattle in Turkey. Keywords Blastocystis. Cattle. SSU rRNA. Turkey Blastocystis is one of the most common parasites found in fecal samples of human and animals (Cian et al. 2017). The pathogenicity of Blastocystis is not yet clear and may vary depending on the subtype (ST) of parasite, and the immune status of the patient (Cirioni et al. 1999; Elwakil and Hewedi 2010). This parasite may cause various intestinal pathologies especially irritable bowel syndrome (Wawrzyniak et al. 2013), and more grave infections among immune-compromised HIV and cancer patients (Lepczyńska et al. 2017).