Sustainable Livelihood Framework: Monitoring and Evaluation (original) (raw)
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This essay discusses the meaning and methodologies of sustainable livelihoods (SL), or sustainable livelihood approaches (SLA), as applied strategies for rural development. Given the existence of several social organizations applying their methodology, with each one having its own expectations; the different approaches that have been developed to achieve a better perspective of sustainable livelihood are discussed in this paper in terms of their objectives and goals. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the approaches is carried out. It can be concluded that despite the different approaches by each organization to achieve SL, all have a common objective: the development of human groups in situations of social disadvantage and the eradication of poverty.
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Sustainable livelihood framework provides important insights about the reality of different dimensions of livelihood. Moreover, it has been applied in social research to assess the livelihood condition of people or to evaluate any livelihood generation activities. However, this study intends to highlight the decadal growth, uses and advancement of Livelihood Framework developed by DFID, UNDP, USAID, IFAD, CARE, and OXFAM. Researchers found that importance, relevance and implications of Livelihood Framework in social research were not studied in earlier research endeavors. Development institutions worldwide like DFID, UNDP, USAID, IFAD, CARE, and OXFAM are still revising their frameworks that can be used in different developmental contexts. Nevertheless, it is worth to mention that, not much research endeavors were done in this regard in the recent past. However, researchers in many parts of the globe used those Livelihood Frameworks' to comprehend different dimensions of life that can directly or indirectly affect the livelihood of the people. This research is based on a qualitative research design consisting of extensive literature survey in bibliographic databases and their content analysis. Moreover, this study incorporates the concepts and processes of livelihood frameworks in explaining livelihood experience. This study originates associationship between different components of selected research articles in area of research, methodology and findings.
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This study aims to determine the form and role of livelihood institutions in ensuring the sustainability of community livelihoods in rural areas. This research was conducted in Wamalana village, Buru Regency, Maluku using a qualitative approach. The results showed that the livelihood institutions in the village of Wamalana had a relationship with the ability of the community to meet the sustainability of their livelihoods to survive even though they were in a limited situation. Variety of livelihood institutions such as masohi, Masaurat, group of countries, and parusa have given their role as social security schemes for the community in building sustainable livelihoods. This livelihood institution is reflected in the tradition of helping the community in building cooperation based on the spirit of brotherhood ties. In the context of development intervention through empowerment of coastal communities in Buru Regency, various livelihood institutions at various levels can be used as an intervention channel for empowerment programs. Meanwhile, for the sake of further studies on rural livelihood institutions, it can be focused to see its effect on the level of economic welfare in rural communities which is measured quantitatively.
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This paper provides a new construction of the Sustainable Livelihood Framework. Underlying the need for this reconstruction is the persisting argument that the framework is too micro, too household focused, thereby limiting its utility as a micro-macro analytical tool for policy analysis and impact evaluation. In so doing, this paper elaborated assets in the framework on the basis of the degree of user rights that households are able to exercise rather than the form in which they exist. The paper also introduced the concept of relative cumulative effect to present more rigorous understanding of households' influence on society's sustainable development trajectory. On these bases, sustainable livelihood is theorized as endogenously determined by the balance between households' livelihood expectations and the evolutionary path that institutions follow as they respond to households' cumulative feedback. This framework thus provide a context for providing household-based understanding of institutional evolution and livelihood formation visà-vis micro/macro-interventions.
HOW THE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS FRAMEWORK CAN CONTRIBUTE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
The South African constitution seeks to secure ecological sustainable development and use of natural resources while promoting justifiable economic and social development. It is important to understand how society makes use of natural resources in order to seek ways to advance sustainable use of natural resources while promoting social development. Environmental assessment and management needs to embrace approaches aimed at sustainable social development of society such as the sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA). The concept of sustainable livelihoods has its roots in the UN Conference on Environment and Development (1987) which called for development to integrate all aspects of human livelihoods and the means that people use to obtain them. The SLA provides a manner in which to improve understanding of the livelihoods of poor people in terms of their assets and capabilities, as well as, the policies, institutions and processes that enhance or inhibit their access to capital whilst increasing or decreasing their vulnerability. The SLA also examines the risks, shocks and stresses and how households cope with them and adapt to long term changes that affect their livelihoods. Households make use of different assets and capabilities to carry out a number of activities to sustain their livelihood and this all contributes to sustainable development. Livelihoods strategies are deemed sustainable or vulnerable depending on their ability to withstand shocks or stresses. This paper investigates how the SLA can be used when planning new development activities (e.g. biofuels) and in assessing the contribution that existing activities have made to sustaining livelihoods.