A Comparative Analysis of Fertility Differentials in Cross River State (original) (raw)
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Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, 2019
Demographic and socioeconomic factors are important determinants of fertility among couples, and these factors can greatly determine the number and quality of children in a region. This study aimed to compare demographic and socioeconomic determinants of male parent in relation to fertility in Gombe North and Gombe South. Hence, male average rate of fertility and demographic and socioeconomic factors in relation to child bearing were observed and analysed. Frequency tables using cross tabulation, averages, percentages, T-Test and correlation analysis were used in analyzing data obtained from the field, which were collected through purposive sampling techniques. Results show that Gombe North has more average fertility (3.7) than Gombe South (2.02), majority of the male respondents were not married hence they have no children, some children from Gombe south were born outside marriage, early marriages were identified in Gombe North than in Gombe South, high proportion of educated male parents were identified in Gombe South than in Gombe North, most children in both sampled regions were from working class parent but with low incomes. Occupation, income and age were identified to have significant association with child bearing as against ethnicity and education which has no relationship to the number of children in the regions. The following recommendations were made: people should be encourage to have more education because it has significant effect on children development, government and religious leaders should joint hand to discourage having children outside marriage and people should have more source of income to increase their earnings in order to give quality life to their children.
2019
Demographic and socio-economic factors are important determinants of fertility among couples, and these factors can greatly determine the number and quality of children in a region. This study aimed to compare demographic and socioeconomic determinants of male parent in relation to fertility in Gombe North and Gombe South. Hence, male average rate of fertility and demographic and socio-economic factors in relation to child bearing were observed and analysed. Frequency tables using cross tabulation, averages, percentages, T-Test and correlation analysis were used in analyzing data obtained from the field, which were collected through purposive sampling techniques. Results show that Gombe North has more average fertility (3.7) than Gombe South (2.02), majority of the male respondents were not married hence they have no children, some children from Gombe south were born outside marriage, early marriages were identified in Gombe North than in Gombe South, high proportion of educated mal...
Introduction: The global population has been on the increase, and this may be as a result of persistently high fertility recorded in most parts of the world. Examining the various fertility determinants, most especially socio cultural intricacies may provide information that could help in the design of fertility reduction programmes. The objective of this study is to determine and compare fertility pattern and socio demographic factors influencing fertility among rural and urban women in Southwestern Nigeria. Methodology: A descriptive, cross sectional comparative study among 1024 women of reproductive age group in rural and urban communities of Osun State using multistage sampling method. Research instrument used were pre-coded, pre-tested, semi structured interviewer administered questionnaires, and data analyzed using the SPSS software. Results: One hundred and ten (21.5%) of rural respondents had no formal education, compared with 38 (7.4%) of urban respondents. Muslims formed the highest proportion (48.5% in rural and 42.8% in urban settings).Four hundred and sixty seven (91.2%) of respondents in the rural settings were married compared with 414 (80.9%) of urban respondents. Mean age at first sexual intercourse was 18.0 +3.9 years for rural and 19.5+5.0 years for urban. Mean number of total pregnancies was 3.9+2.2 pregnancies per woman for rural and 3.1+1.9 pregnancies per woman in urban setting. The mean age at first birth among rural respondents was 20.8 +3.7 years and 23.2+5.1 years among urban respondents. Mean number of births per woman (index of total fertility rate) was 3.4+1.8 births per woman in rural, and 2.9+1.5 births per urban woman. There were more spontaneous miscarriages and less induced abortions among rural women compared to urban women. Two hundred and eighty eight (58.8%) of rural respondents desired more children compared to 257(52.6%) of urban respondents. There were significant association between the relative locations and the mean number of children ever had, mean age at marriage, mean number of living children lost, mean number of miscarriage and the mean age at first birth. Further logistics regression analysis showed that women with formal education had about a half (OR 0.59, C.I 0.45-0.95 and p=0.001)) fold fertility level compared to women with no formal education Conclusion: Understanding socio-demographic determinants of fertility would help programme planners in effective design of programmes that would help to control fertility in both rural and urban areas in Nigeria KEYWORDS: Fertility, socio demographic factors, abortions INTRODUCTION A lot of concerns have been expressed about population growth and welfare of human beings and his environment. The fear of the world population exceeding carrying capacity of the earth has worried policy makers as regards the world resources and sustainable population.
Gender role and fertility behaviour among Calabar and Oban communities in Cross River State, Nigeria
2011
Discussions on fertility behaviour and population control policies have focused exclusively on the behaviour of females, and often target women for change while disregarding the role of the males. The inability of the national population policies to address this while at the same time encouraging patriarchal family system for the stability of the home seems to support this neglect. This study thus, examined male role and other determinants of fertility behaviour in Calabar and Oban areas of Cross River State, Nigeria. It focused on type of marriage preferred, educational attainment, decision on children marriage and socioeconomic determinants as they influence marital values. A simple random technique was used to select a sample of 500 respondents from the two areas (Calabar and Oban) a well structured questionnaire was used as instrument for collecting data while descriptive statistics and percentage analysis were used to analyse the data. Findings reveal that a higher percentage of male favoured polygamy, that low educational attainment, socioeconomic and parental decision on children marriage justifies male role on fertility and marital values. It was recommended among others that adequate attention be paid to male role, if fertility control policies are to be realized; that adequate education and enlightenment be located to both the educated and non-educated populace, that child early marriage be controlled, the consents of the children to be so involved in the marriage should be taken into consideration since they are to be directly involved in this marriage adventure.
DEMAND FOR CHILDREN AND FERTILITY TRANSITION IN GUMA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BENUE STATE
This study examined the implication of the demand for children on fertility transition in Guma Local Government Area (LGA), Benue State. The objectives were to assess the factors influencing the demand for children and its implications on fertility transition in Guma LGA. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select four hundred (400) respondents. Taro Yamane formula of sample size determination was used to select the 400 respondents. Data for the study was elicited from questionnaire and key informant interview. Triangulation was used in the course of analyzing the data. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution table, and inferential statistics using Chi Square. Analysis of qualitative data was done using thematic approach and direct quotation of responses. The study found a high demand for children in the study area. The reasons that sustained the demand for children were found to include old age security, provision of farm labour, prestige, income generation, protection, provision of psychological support, family continuity. The high demand for children was associated with the high birthrate and high fertility within the study area. This in turn delayed the onset of fertility transition in the area making it a pre-transition society in the fertility transition process. Most importantly, it calls for a gradual check on the trend by first establishing social and institutional mechanisms (social welfare schemes, old age security, mechanized farming, quality accessible and affordable education). This will help to effectively implement population polices that will in turn help to checkmate high fertility and result to expected fertility decline in the area.
Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2015
A demographic analysis of the effect of some contextual determinants of fertility on fertility intentions was carried out in this study in two local governments of Ondo State namely Akure South Local Government (an urban setting) and Ifedore Local Government (a rural setting). The data used for this study was gathered with the aid of questionnaires applied on some women of reproductive age in these LGAs (511 questionnaires returned). The statistical tools used in the analysis include Binary Logistic Regression Analysis, Chi-Square Analysis, Percentages and graphical representation. Findings revealed that age at birth of first child, current age of a woman; educational status as well as place of residence significantly affect fertility intentions of women generally. However, analysis of these variables on local government basis revealed that their effects are more pronounced in the rural than in the urban area. The place of residence (rural/urban factor) is seen in this analysis to h...
A Correlation Analysis of Fertility Rates In Southern and North-Eastern-Region of Nigeria
International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 2016
Fertility in human population is one of the principal components of population dynamics in any country's population. To have a proper understanding of total fertility rate in Nigeria, as it varies from region to region, a study must be carried out to know those variations. This article is one of those research works that was done to correlate the fertility rate of the Northeast and Southwest of the country. These were achieved by retrieved data from Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2013 information on the characteristics of respondents which include: age, sex, marital status and education, other data was on fertility rate. The findings revealed that rural areas have high fertility rate than urban areas and posit to have an adolescent high rate of fertility. A significant different were achieved at 95% degree of freedom in its comparism of the two region. Thereby, suggesting positive ways to bring a general decline to fertility growth to the country.
A Survey Of Marriage Pattern as Determinants of Fertility Among Women in Southwestern Nigeria
TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 2013
ÖZET AMAÇ: Doğurganlık düzeyleri, doğurganlığı azaltma programlarına devasa kaynaklar ayrılmasına rağmen insanın ve çevresinin üzerindeki etkilerle dünyanın pek çok yerinde yükselmeye devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Güneybatı Nijerya'da şehirde ve kırsalda yaşayan kadaınlar arasında doğurganlığın belirleyicisi olarak evlilik örüntüsünü değerlendirmek ve karşılaştırmaktır. YÖNTEM: Bu araştırma, kentsel ve kırsal topluluklarda çok aşamalı örnekleme kullanılarak seçilmiş doğurganlık çağında 1024 kadında gerçekleştirilmiş bir tanımlayıcı, kesitsel ve karşılaştırmalı çalışmadır. Kullanılan araştırma araçları ön denemesi yapılmış, yarı yapılandırılmış ve görüşmeci tarafında uygulanan soru formlarıdır. Veriler SPSS programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. BULGULAR: İlk evlilik yaşı kırlı kadınlarda 19,6±3,3 iken kenti kadınlarda 22,6±3,9 idi ve fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p=0.001). Polygami kırlı kadınlar arasında %41,5 (212) ile %21,7 (111) olan kentli kadınlara göre oldukça yüksekti. Kırsal bölgede boşanmış, ayrılmış veya dul kalmış kadınların %27,3 (9)'ü, kentsel bölgede ise %32,4 (11)'ü yeniden evlenip yeni kocalarından çocuk sahibi olmuştu. Kadın başına doğum sayısı kırsal bölge kadınlarında 3,4±1,8 iken, kentli kadınlarda 2,9±1,5 idi. Doğurganlık sayısı formal eğitimi olan kadınlarda (her iki bölgede de) formal eğitim almayanların yaklaşık yarısıydı. Yirmi yaş altında evlenme ihtimali formal eğitimi olan kadınlarda (her iki bölgede de) formal eğitim almayanların yaklaşık sekizde biriydi. SONUÇ: Doğurganlığı azaltıcı programlar amaçlarına ulaşmak için erken evliliği ve gelişigüzel tekrar evlilikleri etkileyen sosyokültürel engelleri kaldırmalı engellemelidir. SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Fertility levels in many parts of the world continues to rise despite huge resources committed to fertility reduction programmes, with resultant effects on man and his environment. The objective of this study is to assess and compare marriage pattern as determinants of fertility among women living in rural and urban communities in south western Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional comparative study carried out among 1024 women of reproductive age group in rural and urban communities using multistage sampling method. Research instrument used were pre-coded, pre-tested, semi structured , interviewer administered questionnaires, and data analyzed using the SPSS software. RESULTS: Mean age at first marriage was 19.6±3.3 years for rural women and 22.6±3.9 years among urban women, and the mean difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). Polygamy featured more prominently in rural setting with 212 (41.5%) of respondents compared to 111 (21.7%) of urban respondents. In rural setting, 9 (27.3%) of respondents remarried among the divorced, separated and widowed (all combined) compared to 11 (32.4%) of same group of urban respondents, and bear children for the new husband in remarriage. Mean number of births per woman (index of total fertility rate) was 3.4±1.8 births per woman in rural, and 2.9±1.5 births per urban woman. Women with formal education in both settings had about a half (OR=0.59, 95% C.I=0.45-0.95 and p=0.001) fold fertility level and about one-eighth fold (OR=0.08, 95% C.I=0.06-0.12 and p=0.019) chance of having first marriage below 20 years compared to women with no formal education. CONCLUSION: Fertility reduction programmes should remove socio-cultural barriers influencing early marriage and indiscriminate remarriages in order to achieve their aims.