Positive Psychology and Hope as Lifestyle Medicine Modalities in the Therapeutic Encounter: A Narrative Review (original) (raw)

Hope-based interventions in chronic disease: an integrative review in the light of Nightingale

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

Objective: To identify the available evidence in the scientific literature about the strategies or interventions used to promote hope in people with chronic diseases. Method: An integrative literature review of literature published between 2009-2019, which was conducted in online browsers/databases: b-On, EBSCO, PubMed, Medline, ISI, SciELO, PsycINFO, Google Scholar. Forty-one studies were found, of which eight met the inclusion criteria. Results: Most studies used a quantitative approach. There was a predominance of studies from Asia and America, addressing patients with multiple sclerosis, diabetes, congestive heart failure, and cancer. Hope-based interventions were categorized by the hope attributes: experiential process, spiritual/transcendence process, rational thought process, and relational process. Conclusion: Hope-based interventions, in its essence, are good clinical practices in the physical, psychological, social and spiritual domains. This is congruent with the vision o...

Optimism and Hope in Chronic Disease: A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Psychology, 2017

There is a growing recognition that positive psychological functioning (which includes constructs such as optimism and hope) influences health. However, the understanding of these underlying mechanisms in relation to health is limited. Therefore, this review sought to identify what the scientific literature says about the influence of optimism and hope on chronic disease treatment. A search was conducted in the PsycINFO, Scopus, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases using the indexing terms optimism, hope, chronic diseases, randomized controlled trial, and treatment between 1998 and 2015. In the articles, we identified the most studied diseases in context, the assessment instruments used, the participant characteristics investigated, the results found, and the publication dates. From our analysis of the articles that met our inclusion criteria, it appears that the study of these constructs is recent and there is evidence that individuals with greater optimism and hope seek to engage in healthier behaviors, regardless of their clinical status, and that this contributes to chronic disease treatment. More research is needed so that targeted interventions can be carried out effectively in chronic disease treatment.

Finding a Place for Hope in the Management of Chronic Illness

Dalhousie Medical Journal, 2013

The current concept of hope used by most of the existing literature and within health care is generally futureoriented and curative focused. This pervasive idea of 'hope for a cure', though applicable to many illnesses, does not apply to patients with chronic, progressive, and debilitating diseases. In this paper, I present a detailed description of the hope strategies employed by chronic illness sufferers, and how these differ from traditional ideas of hope. I also describe how hope may be negatively affected during clinical encounters with physicians and our current symptom rating tools. Suggestions for moving towards a supportive clinical environment are given, highlighting the importance of finding hope, and health, within chronic illness.

A Prospective Study of Hope, Optimism, and Health

The present investigation sought to distinguish hope from optimism in the context of a ten week prospective study involving reports of health outcomes. Hope Scale and Scheier and Carver's (1987) Life Orientation Test, which assesses optimism, were given to subjects, along with a health questionnaire. Ten weeks later subjects were given a second health questionnaire. To rule out potential confounds we included measures of neuroticism, depression, extroversion, and social desirability. After controlling for the effects of correlated confounds, we found that lower hope scores (but not optimism) were correlated with several dimensions of reported health, including frequency and severity of illness.

Positive psychology in health care: defining key stakeholders and their roles

Translational Behavioral Medicine, 2020

Lifestyle-related diseases have common risk factors: physical inactivity, poor diet, inadequate sleep, high stress, substance use, and social isolation. Evidence is mounting for the benefits of incorporating effective methods that promote healthy lifestyle habits into routine health care treatments. Research has established that healthy habits foster psychological and physiological health and that emotional well-being is central to achieving total well-being. The Happiness Science and Positive Health Committee of the American College of Lifestyle Medicine aims to raise awareness about strategies for prioritizing emotional well-being. The Committee advocates for collaborative translational research to adapt the positive psychology and behavioral medicine evidence base into methodologies that address emotional well-being in nonmental health care settings. Another aim is to promote health system changes that integrate evidence-based positive-psychology interventions into health mainten...

The Contribution of Hope and Affectivity to Diabetes-Related Disability: An Exploratory Study

Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 1997

This study examined the relationships of the dispositional variables of hope, positive affectivity (PA), and negative affectivity (NA) with disease status and illness-related psychosocial functioning in a sample of 45 young adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Canonical analyses revealed one significant canonical function between the dispositional and psychosocial outcome variables. Primary contributors to the relationship were higher NA and

Assessment of hope in patients with chronic illness and their family or caregivers

2011

Objectives: To evaluate the level of hope among the three different groups and correlate their levels with demographic and clinical variables. Methods: Descriptive study with a sample of 131 individuals (including 47 cancer patients, 40 diabetic patients and 44 caregivers/ family / caregivers) responding to Hertha's Scale of Hope, Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and an instrument including personal data. Results: There was no difference in hope scores between groups. Hope was positively correlated with self-esteem and negatively correlated with depression. For cancer patients, the hope score was not related to any clinical variable. For diabetic patients, different forms of treatment and other comorbidities were not found to influence hope. Conclusion: Patients with chronic disease and their families had high hope scores. The measurement of hope can improve nursing care.

Review of Positive Psychology Applications in Clinical Medical Populations

Healthcare, 2016

This review examines the application of positive psychology concepts in physical health care contexts. Positive psychology aims to promote well-being in the general population. Studies identifying character strengths associated with well-being in healthy populations are numerous. Such strengths have been classified and Positive Psychology Interventions (PPIs) have been created to further develop these strengths in individuals. Positive psychology research is increasingly being undertaken in health care contexts. The review identified that most of this research involves measuring character strengths and their association with health outcomes in patients with a range of different conditions, similar to the position in positive psychology research on non-clinical populations. More recently, PPIs are beginning to be applied to clinical populations with physical health problems and this research, although relatively scarce, is reviewed here for cancer, coronary heart disease, and diabetes. In common with PPIs being evaluated in the general population, high quality studies are scarce. Applying PPIs to patients with serious health conditions presents significant challenges to health psychologists. They must ensure that patients are dealt with appropriately and ethically, given that exaggerated claims for PPIs are made on the internet quite frequently. This is discussed along with the need for more high quality research.

Why People Do Not Always Follow the Doctor's Orders: The Role of Hope and Perceived Control

Journal of Consumer Affairs, 2014

The lack of adherence to medical advice is a widely recognized health care concern with important implications for consumer well-being. This study advances a model for better understanding adherence behaviors by incorporating the positive emotion of hope and consumer perceptions of control. Empirical testing of the model in the context of type 2 diabetes, a lifestyle-changing chronic illness, shows that hope generates more patient adherence. Furthermore, individuals have higher hope when they believe they are capable of performing the actions their treatment requires, and/or that their health outcomes are under their physician's control. The results indicate that health care providers can play an important role in encouraging adherence behaviors by cultivating hope and customizing their interactions with patients. Interventions aimed at increasing patient self-efficacy or promoting patients' beliefs that health outcomes are under their physician's control are two routes to building hope. Health initiatives aimed at increasing diabetes treatment adherence should consider alternatives beyond asking patients to "take control" of their diabetes.

Hope and Psychological Well Being among Diabetes Patients: A Correlational Study

International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2016

Hope is an optimism that is experienced even though the individual may have little personal control over the situation. This nature of hope changes the behaviour of patients and these changes influence various aspect of personality psychological well-being of patients and make their behaviour somewhat positive towards their disease to cope with it. One’s capacity to hope for things places an absolute limit on one’s power. Thus, Adult hope of patients helps them to deal with their disease in a positive manner. Diabetes is a type of disease in which patients have to face crucial time during their treatment period. The present study has been done to examine the influence of hope on psychological well-being, for this purpose the sample of 100 diabetes patients (50 male and 50 female diabetes patients) were selected randomly from Rajiv Gandhi Centre for diabetes JNMC, A.M.U, Aligarh. The adult hope questionnaire and psychological well-being scale was administered on diabetes patients to ...