Characterising Effects Of Applied Loads On The Mechanical Properties Of Formed Steel Sheets (original) (raw)
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Microstructural development during mechanical forming of steel sheets
2013
Abstract — Metal forming is used synonymously with deformation, a process during which an object gets changed due to the applied force. These changes can either be reversible or irreversible depending on the type of material; size and geometry of the object and the magnitude of the applied force to the object. This paper reports the microstructural development after mechanical forming of steel sheet material by varying the applied loads. The microstructural evaluations showed that the applied loads employed caused an increase in the magnitude of the grain sizes in each loaded specimen. Furthermore, the increase in the grain size of the microstructure was observed to be directly proportional to the loads applied. In addition, the microhardness values of the cross sections investigated were found to increase with the applied loads. Hence, the grain size growth and the hardness were linearly dependent on the applied loads, and this implies that there is a correlation between the appl...
Analysis of the Influence of the Loading Rate on the Mechanical Properties of Microalloyed Steel
The aim of this paper is to analyse the influence of the loading rate in the range from 1 to 1000 mm/min, which corresponds to the tensile machine working range, on the strength properties and the formability characteristics obtained on standard and notched test bars made of steel strips. The combination of the loading rate and the test bar type made it possible to obtain the relationship of monitored variables in the strain rate interval from 10 -4 to 10 s -1 . In this interval, the strength properties of the tested strips thickness of 1, 1.5 and 1.8 mm increase exponentially, but formability does not change up to the strain rate of 1 s -1 .
1990
The liver is one of the most frequently injured organs in abdominal trauma. Although motor vehicle collisions are the most common cause of liver injuries, current anthropomorphic test devices are not equipped to predict the risk of sustaining abdominal organ injuries. Consequently, researchers rely on finite element models to assess the potential risk of injury to abdominal organs such as the liver. These models must be validated based on appropriate biomechanical data in order to accurately assess injury risk. This study presents a total of 36 uniaxial unconfined compression tests performed on fresh human liver parenchyma within 48 h of death. Fach specimen was tested once to failure at one of four loading rates (0.012, 0.106, 1.036, and 10.708s'') in order to investigate the effects of loading rate on the compressive failure properties of human liver parenchyma. The results of this study showed that the response of human liver parenchyma is both nonlinear and rate dependent. Specifically, failure stress significantly increased with increased loading rate, while failure strain significantly decreased with increased loading rate. The failure stress and failure strain for all liver parenchyma specimens ranged from-38.9 kPa to-145.9kPa and from-0.48 strain to-1.15 strain, respectively. Overall, this study provides novel biomechanical data that can be used in the development of rate dependent material models and the identification of tissue-level tolerance values, which are critical to the validation of finite element models used to assess injury risk.
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Microalloyed Steel Under Tension and Bending Condition
The article deals with the influence of the loading rate in the interval from 1 to 1000 mm/min on the mechanical properties of drawing steel sheet, used for the manufacture of automotive parts, under tension and bending conditions. It describes the aspects of material characteristics under tension and bending conditions, while bending tests were made on notched specimens (a modified impact bending test). With an increasing strain rate up to the critical value, the resistance of material against strain increases and hence the yield point and the tensile strength increase, the deformation ability, the deformation homogeneity, the structure and the substructure after deformation, etc. are changed. The paper presents knowledge that using a modified notch toughness test it is possible to achieve the formability characteristics corresponding to dynamic strain rates even under the static loading.
The paper analyses the influence of the loading rate in the interval from 1 to 1000 mm/min, which corresponds to the tensile machine working range, on the strength properties and the formability characteristics obtained on standard and notched test bars made of H340 LAD steel strips. The combination of the loading rate and the test bar type made it possible to obtain the relationships of monitored variables in the strain rate interval from 10–4 to 10 s–1. In this interval, the strength properties of the tested strips thick 1, 1,5 and 1,8 mm exponentially increase, but formability does not change up to the strain rate of 1 s–1.
Impact of Strain Rate on Microalloyed Steel Sheet Breaking
Acta Polytechnica, 2014
The strain rate is a significant external factor, and its influence on material behavior in the forming process is a function of its internal structure. This paper presents an analysis of the impact of the loading rate from 1.6 x 10-4 m s-1 to 24 m s-1 on changes in the fracture properties of steel sheet used for bodywork components in cars. Experiments were performed on samples taken from HC420LA grade strips produced by cold rolling and hot dip galvanization. Material strength properties were compared on the basis of measured values, and changes to the character of the fracture surface were observed.
Effect of Strain Rate on Material Properties of Sheet Steels
Journal of Structural Engineering-asce, 1992
The liver is one of the most frequently injured organs in abdominal trauma. Although motor vehicle collisions are the most common cause of liver injuries, current anthropomorphic test devices are not equipped to predict the risk of sustaining abdominal organ injuries. Consequently, researchers rely on finite element models to assess the potential risk of injury to abdominal organs such as the liver. These models must be validated based on appropriate biomechanical data in order to accurately assess injury risk. This study presents a total of 36 uniaxial unconfined compression tests performed on fresh human liver parenchyma within 48 h of death. Fach specimen was tested once to failure at one of four loading rates (0.012, 0.106, 1.036, and 10.708s'') in order to investigate the effects of loading rate on the compressive failure properties of human liver parenchyma. The results of this study showed that the response of human liver parenchyma is both nonlinear and rate dependent. Specifically, failure stress significantly increased with increased loading rate, while failure strain significantly decreased with increased loading rate. The failure stress and failure strain for all liver parenchyma specimens ranged from-38.9 kPa to-145.9kPa and from-0.48 strain to-1.15 strain, respectively. Overall, this study provides novel biomechanical data that can be used in the development of rate dependent material models and the identification of tissue-level tolerance values, which are critical to the validation of finite element models used to assess injury risk.