Arbuscular Mycorrhiza: Approaches for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants for Sustainable Agriculture (original) (raw)

Plant Acclimation to Environmental Stress, 2012

Abstract

ABSTRACT Soil stresses such as salinity, drought, and heavy metals are major hindrances to crop productivity as these can significantly decrease plant growth and production. Colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance plant tolerance to these stresses. Arbuscular mycorrhizal associates are integral, functioning parts of plant roots and can significantly increase plant growth and production due to the formation of extensive hyphal network and production of biochemicals like glomalin. This chapter provides an overview of mechanisms evolved by AMF to help plants survive in these stressful conditions. These mechanisms include enhanced growth, prevention of nutrient deficiency and ion toxicity, osmotic adjustment, enhancing the activities of antioxidants and prevention of oxidative damage, improving photosynthesis, and water status. In addition, stress avoidance strategies include exclusion of toxic ions, restriction of entry of toxic ions and immobilization of heavy metals in soil or plant roots.

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