Multi-method Approach in Fulfilling Clean Water Resources for Inhabitants in A Rural Area: Preliminary Results (original) (raw)
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KPU International Journal of Engineering and Technology (KPU-iJET) with ISSN: 2790-0819, 2021, 2022
All over the world, studies of groundwater reserves are highly important. One of the best ways to identify groundwater reservoirs without negative impacts on the environment is to study geology and geomorphology based on remote sensing data and geophysical methods. The main purpose of this paper is to delineate the groundwater prospective zones and to determine the relative depth and thickness of layers that accumulate groundwater. The groundwater reservoir depends on several factors such as geology, geomorphology, land use, slope, and physical properties. Thus, the mapping and groundwater potential zones were identified in Sholgara District, and then geophysical methods were used in Qazel Kand village to find the water table depth and location. Exploration geophysical methods, especially electric, are one of the most important ways to study and solve the problems of drinking water in the study area Based on the VES investigations, at least five layers were identified with different lithology. The top three layers consist of clay, sand, and gravel, which are mostly dry. These rocks do not have many water resources but could recharge the aquifer, particularly in the wet season. The field data also show that water table depth ranges between 80 to 100 m with limestone and marl formations that mostly belong to Neogene. These are carbonate rocks having secondary porosity in the form of fractures and wreathing. The formations formed a karst aquifer to a maximum of 130 depths. The water in this aquifer seems fresh and suitable for drinking.
Introduction to Groundwater and Society: Applications of Geospatial Technology
Groundwater and Society, 2021
Water is the basic requirement for the development of civilization. The primitive civilizations were developed along the surface water bodies to meet the demand of water for the society. With the progress of time, the population-led demand for water was increased in those civilizations and which ultimately led to conflicts. The Indus valley civilization was destroyed mainly because of issues related to water management. In the recent times with the advent of modern tools and gadgets, the issues related to water have increased manifold. The demand from drinking, domestic, agriculture and industry has also increased alarmingly. To meet these demands, use of groundwater has increased tremendously all over the world. With the higher demand, the problems also became higher. In this context, modern tools and techniques like remote sensing, geographical information system, geostatistics and modelling have the potentiality to manage the groundwater-related problems and play a vital role for societal development. In this book we intended to offer novel advances and applications of remote sensing, geographical information system and geostatistical techniques in a precise and clear manner to the research community to achieve in-depth knowledge in the field. The scientific understanding, development and application of geospatial technologies related to water resource management have been advanced. Geostatistics and geospatial techniques for groundwater science assemble the most up-to-date techniques in GIS and geostatistics as they relate to groundwater. Therefore, this book will help the readers
EXPLORING GROUNDWATER OCCURRENCE IN TANDAVA RIVER BASIN
TJPRC, 2013
No one is questioning water potability when the resource is under stress. The researchers aspire to identifying groundwater occurrences in the river basin. In order to reach, we applied geology, geomorphology and lineament map that generated from Visakhapatnam and East Godavari district geology and mineral map of 1:500,000 scale and IRS-P6 LISS III (path-141 and row- 48) acquired on 11th January 2011 in order to undertake groundwater investigation. In the study area alluvial, quaternary, gondawana Archedians and migmatite lithological groups are found and lineament intersection observed in the upper catchment which has very good to excellent aquifer potential. The result shows Alluvial plain, beach ridge and intermountain valley has good groundwater potential zones; pediment inselberg complex has poor groundwater potential whereas structural hill with lineament intersection and pediplain weathered has moderate groundwater potential zone. Therefore, such result will help as a water resource pillar for water deficient area in the river basin.
Characterisation of the Aquifers for Resource Management and Protection
The base line hydrogeological survey for village Vadhane was conducted with a view to demarcate the aquifer boundaries to manage the groundwater resources for the sustainability of drinking water sources. To delineate the aquifer boundary, further, comprehensive geomorphological, geological and geophysical investigations were carried out. The depth to water level and water level fluctuation maps were also used to confirm the boundary and thickness of the aquifer. Vertical electrical soundings (VES) were carried out in the area to understand the subsurface geo-electrical distribution. A grid of 1 km x 1 km was laid down in the study area and ten VES profiles were carried out at the intersection of these grid points. The integrated studies have indicated the fine-grained jointed massive basalt and weathered zeolitic basalt are predominant water bearing formations within the village. The groundwater worthy zone is restricted to the depth of 10-20 m bgl. The hydrogeological inputs were further utilized for management and protection of the resource.
Understanding the availability and status of groundwater is pertinent to water use. The geology however influences greatly on the availability, distribution and the quality of groundwater of an area. The quantity and quality is further impacted on by other characteristic features including structural system. Comparing the geochemistry and structural system with the hydrogeochemistry and pumping test indicates the degree of influence. Both rock and water samples were analyzed. Geostructural features especially fracture orientation, length and width were mapped and measurement taken. The analysis comparatively revealed high content of ions and dissolved particles such as Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , HCO3-and SO4 2-but fall within SON and WHO permissible limits for drinking water. Piper diagram plot shows that groundwater of the area is dominated by the Ca + Mg type suspected to have link to the geology as the source. Pumping tests results shows yield ranges between 3.3l/ s to 5.8l/s uncommon to shale formation, hence structural influence inferred. Introduction Over the years, groundwater has been a source of potable water to man. It has critically remained valuable in sustaining industrial development, livelihood and environment. Nevertheless, residents of some areas are often times faced with inadequate water supply. This condition can be severe sometimes most especially during the dry season and or after a heavy drawdown. To make up domestic needs, residents resort going kilometers to neighboring communities in search of potable water. Inadequate availability and impairment of groundwater is always not unconnected to geology and structural system in an area. Okeke and Bartholomew (2014), Onwe et al (2015b) tried to determine the quantity and potability of groundwater and comparing the chemistry with the World Health Organization (WHO) standard limits for drinking water. Okogbue (2013) earlier worked on the quality of groundwater and elaborated on the high level of groundwater contamination as a result of sulfide ore deposits. Geogenic (hydro geochemical) activities including release of elements into the soil after rainfall, weathering and leaching of elements from the soil zone into groundwater regions increases the rate at which these mineral deposits through structural pathways within the rocks get into the groundwater. The plume disperses from the host rock/groundwater interface environment and introduces some geogenic reactions into the groundwater. The Abakaliki shale formation is the major lithology with an average thickness of more than 500m, (Nwajide, 2013). Depth to static water table ranges from 6.5m to 25m and in some locations up to 49.9m. Average values of K (hydraulic conductivities) estimated from joint/fracture density characteristics of the area is 6.06 x 10-3cm/ s, (Ozoko, 2015). Shales in its original state are not considered aquifers because of their non-interconnectivity and impermeability, (Freeze and Cherry, 1979). This makes them incapable of transmitting groundwater. However, shales can be regarded as secondary aquifers if they are either fractured or weathered enough to transmit stored groundwater, (McDonald, 2005). The characteristic features of the fractures within the underlying shales determines the groundwater availability of an area, hence this study.
Exploring groundwater potential In Tandava River basin [full]
No one is questioning water potability when the resource is under stress. The researchers aspire to identifying groundwater occurrences in the river basin. In order to reach, we applied geology, geomorphology and lineament map that generated from Visakhapatnam and East Godavari district geology and mineral map of 1:500,000 scale and IRS-P6 LISS III (path-141 and row-48) acquired on 11 th January 2011 in order to undertake groundwater investigation. In the study area alluvial, quaternary, gondawana Archedians and migmatite lithological groups are found and lineament intersection observed in the upper catchment which has very good to excellent aquifer potential. The result shows Alluvial plain, beach ridge and intermountain valley has good groundwater potential zones; pediment inselberg complex has poor groundwater potential whereas structural hill with lineament intersection and pediplain weathered has moderate groundwater potential zone. Therefore, such result will help as a water resource pillar for water deficient area in the river basin.
Groundwater flow analysis in an unconfined aquifer has received more and more attention by hydrologists for the prediction of drawdown patterns of the water table in an aquifer. The increase in Irrigational, Industrial and Domestic draft worldwide made mandatory to study the groundwater flow and its variable characteristics. Remote Sensing (RS) System and Geographic Information System (GIS) have been used as technological application for generation of various thematic maps. In this study, attempt has been made to analyze variation groundwater profile in a shallow unconfined aquifer in accordance with the ground surface topography. The profiles were generated for five sections in the study area using the GIS tool Overlay of the Surface contours and the groundwater level contours. The sections were selected on the basis of Hydrogeological map of the study area. In second part the weathering extent of five areas rock samples were tested for water Absorption in soil laboratory.
Ground water is interest due to scarcity of good quality subsurface water and growing need of water for domestic, agricultural and industrial purpose usage. It has become crucial not only for target for groundwater potential zones, but also important monitoring and conserving this important resource (CGWB, 1985). In hard rock terrains, available for groundwater is of particularly limited. Occurrence of groundwater in such rocks is essentially confined to fractured and weathered horizons (Uday Kumar et. al., 2010).The present work accentuated the expediency of Remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) applications in subsurface water studies, especially in the identified as potential zone of groundwater in hard rock terrain. The information on geology, geomorphology, slope, lineaments and land use/land cover was gathered from Landsat ETM + data and Survey of India (SOI) toposheets of scale 1:50,000 in addition, The composite map generated under GIS platform was further classified according to the spatial variation of the groundwater potential. Three categories of groundwater potential zones namely poor, moderate, good were demarcated. The geomorphological units like deep pediment, valley fills,bazada zone and alluvial plain ranked to potential zones for groundwater exploration and development, valley fills associated with lineaments is highly promising area for groundwater potential zones. The spatial variation of the potential zone indicates that groundwater occurrence is controlled by structure of geology, slope and landforms. Key words: GIS, Groundwater Potential Areas, Hydrology, Surface Runoff
GUB Journal of Science and Engineering, 2021
The study was conducted to analyze the groundwater potential zones in the Eastern part of Kushtia district. Secondary data collected from Bangladesh Agriculture Development Board Corporation (BADC) and borehole data of 119 locations have been processed, analyzed and interpreted for studying the hydrogeological properties. The sub-surface groundwater-bearing sequence of the area up to the depth of 97 m have been classified into two main hydrostratigraphic units- aquitard and aquifer, consisting of clay-silt-sand and sands of different granular respectively. The 18-30 m thick aquitard is covering a major part of the study area. The thickness of main aquifers is varying from 0.9-30 m and 27-67 m consisting of fine-medium to coarse sand. The yield potential index is 1.3-13.0. However, from the obtained results, it can be concluded that the area is suitable for groundwater potentiality. GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 7, Dec 2020 P 36-41
GIS is a powerful tools in analysing the multiple thematic maps at a time. GIS analysis is carried out in the present study to locate favorable groundwater potential zones. To do this subsurface investigation and its interpretation were carried out through geophysical survey. Forty seven vertical electrical soundings (VES) survey were carried out in the study area. The field data were interpreted by curve matching techniques and RESIST software is used to determine the resistivity and thickness of the different layers. By using conventional GIS method, the spatial distribution maps for weathered zone resistivity and its thickness were prepared. Integration of the said themes was done it in GIS. The out put combinations are 4 of Excellent, Very good, Good and Medium groundwater potential zones were derived, and it is designated as output map-1 (groundwater potential zone map). This map was superposed over groundwater fluctuation map. The derived final result map designated as suitable sites for artificial recharge area. From the final out put area as Excellent, Very good, Good and Medium zones were recommended of this locations suitable sites for artificial recharge structures will be constructed. Other aquifer properties, coefficient of anisotropy varies from 1.02 to 2.40 and longitudinal conductance varies from 0.07 to 0.5 mhos. These values indicate the hardness and compaction of rocks. It is evidenced by low permeability and porosity of the study area.